Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM


Top Flashcards (Certified)
All Flashcards

Neuro Exam 2 > 12 Vestibular System and Cerebellum - Β > Flashcards

12 Vestibular System and Cerebellum - Β Flashcards

(78 cards)

Start Studying
1
Q

The deep indentations of the cerebellum are ___________ while the smaller creases are called ________

A

Fissures; folia

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Fissures divide the cerebellum into

A

Lobes and lobules

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

*The two hemispheres of the cerebellum are joined midline by the

A

Vermis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

What are the main lobes of the cerebellum

A

Posterior, anterior, flocculonodular

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

What defines the flocculus and vermis (the nodule) to form the flocculonodular lobe

A

Posterolateral fissure

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

*The inferior cerebellar peduncle does what

A

Afferents to the cerebellum from the spinal cord and brainstem

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

*What is composed of recipricol fibers b/n the cerebellum and vestibular structures

A

Juxtarestiform body (wall of 4th ventricle)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

*What part of the cerebellum has fibers arising in SC or medulla

A

Restiform body

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

*What is the largest cerebellar peduncle? What does it do?

A

Middle; emerges laterally from the basal pons and is composed of afferents to the cerebellum from the contralateral pontine nuclei

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

*What is unique about the superior cerebellar peduncle

A

It is most efferent fibers from the cerebellar nuclei and is distributed to the diencephalon and brainstem

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

What are the primary afferents of the cerebellum

A

Deep cerebellar nuclei

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

What are the main deep cerebellar nuclei

A
  • Dentate
  • Interposed comprised of emboliform (anterior interposed) and globose (posterior interposed)
  • Fastigial
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

*Each folium of the the cerebellum has a superficial layer ___________ and a core of myelinated fibers ___________

A

Cerebellar cortex; arbor vitae

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

What are the layers of the cerebellar cortex

A

-purkinje -granule cell -molecular

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

The granule cell layer is composed of

A

Cell-dense inner region immediately adjacent to white mayyer core

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

*What are the purkinje cells

A

Only efferent neurons of the cerbellum

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

What are the granule cells

A

Excitatory neurons that synapse w/ purkinje cells and the molecular layer (basket and stellate cells) They extend parallel fibers

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

What are the golgi cells

A

Inhibitory cells within the granular layer, extend dendrites into molecular

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

*What are the basket and stellate cells

A

Inhibitory cells in the molecular layer

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

What are mossy fibers

A

Cerebellar afferent axons that originate from cerebellar nuclei and other nuclei in the SC, medulla, pons

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

The mossy fibers branch in granular layer to form

A

Mossy fiber rosette

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

What gives the mossy fibers their appearance

A

Cerebellar glomerulus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

What are excitatory to granule cell and golgi cell dendrite

A

Mossy fibers

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

What are the afferent fibers to the cerebellar cortex

A

Climbing fibers and multilayered fibers

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Climbing fibers arise from
Inferior olivary nuclei
26
What do olivocerebellar fibers do
Send collaterals to the appropriate cerebellar nucleus that corresponds to the overlying cortical zone
27
What is the function of the climbing fibers
Exciting purkinje cells
28
Where are multilayered cells from
Locus ceruleus (noradrenergic) Raphe nuclei (serotinergic) Hypothalamus
29
The main function of the multilayered fibers are
Decreasing spontaneous discharge rates of purkinje cells
30
Which cerebellar fibers innervate all major cell types
Multilayered cells
31
\*What are the functional subdivisions of the cerebellum
Pontocerebellum Vestibulocerebellum Spinocerebellum
32
\*What is the pontocerebellum function
-comprises the majority of the cerebellar hemisphere and dentate nuclei -muscle coordination, speed/force/trajectory of movements
33
What is the function of the vestibulocerebellum
- Equated with flocculonodular lobe and fastigial nuclei - maintenance of balance/EQ
34
What is the function of the spinocerebellum
- approximates the vermins and surrounding area with the globose and emboliform nuclei - coordinates muscle tone/posture
35
The vestibulocerebellum LMN output is
B/l bia vestibulospinal and reticulospinal projections
36
What afferents does the spinocerebellum receive
-spinocerebellar and cuneocerebellar tracts -info from muscle, joint, and cutaneous receptors
37
Fibers of the spinocerebellum terminate
In the cortex of the ipsilateral vermis and adjacent paravermis
38
The output of the spinocerebellum is focused primarily on
Control of axial and limb musculature
39
What is the pathway for axial movements from the spinocerebellum
Vermal cortex and fastigial efferents —\> vestibular and reticular nuclei
40
What is the limb pathway from the spinocerebellum
Globose and emboliform —\> superior cerebellar peduncle —\> red nucleus and thalamus
41
What are the principal afferents of pontocerebellum
Pontocerebellar fibers -they cross to the opposite side of the brainstem -enter via middle cerebellar peduncle -terminate predominantly in the lateral part of the cerebellar hemisphere
42
What is the primary output of hte pontocerebellum
Dentate nucleus -projects to the contralateral red nucleus and ventral lateral nucleus of the thalamus via the superior cerebellar peduncle -VLN (thalamus) projects to motor cortex
43
Lesions of the lateral cerebellum
-Result in deterioration of coordinated movement (dyssynergia) -May also decrease muscle tone (hypotonia) and DTR -Ataxia involving extremities -May also have unsteady gait w/ tendency to lean toward side
44
Dysmetria can result from
Cerebellar lesions -this is past pointing and is apparent in patients when they attempt to point to objects
45
Tremors can result from
Lateral cerebellar lesions -can be kinetic (voluntary movements toward the end of the movement) or static (when they stand with upper extremities extended)
46
The semicircular canals record
Angular accelerations
47
The otolith organs record
Linear acceleration
48
Receptors in the vestibular organs are innervated by primary afferent fibers of
Vestibular ganglion (scarpa ganglion)
49
Central processes of the bipolar cells of the vestibules enter the brainstem and terminate
In the ipsilateral vestibular nuclei and cerebellum
50
The superior vestibular nucleus
Is superolateral in the central pons bordered by the restiform body and 4th ventricle
51
Where is the medial vestibular nucleus
Lateral floor of 4th ventricle throughout most of its rostrocaudal extent
52
Where is the lateral vestibular nucleus
Lies lateral to the medial vestibular nucleus and contains large neurons (Deiters cells)
53
Where is the inferior vestibular nucleus
Located lateral to the medial vestibular nucleus, extends through much of the medulla
54
The primary vestibular afferents enter the brainstem where
Pontomedullary junction -they transverse the restiform body and bifurcate into ascending and descending branches
55
Afferent fibers from the semicircular canals project where
Superior and medial vestibular nuclei
56
The otolith organs project primarily to
Lateral, medial, and inferior vestibular nuclei
57
Saccular afferents project to neurons in the
Contralateral oculomotor nucleus to influence vertical eye movements
58
Vestibular nuclei show what type of selectivity
Directional to cause certain head movements
59
Superior and medial vestibular nuclei receive information from
Otolith receptors and one semicircular canal pair (either horizontal or vertical)
60
Lateral and inferior vestibular nuclei receive information from
Several canal pairs and otolith receptors
61
What is the vestibuloocular reflex
Compensatory mechanism that allows you to track a fixed object while moving
62
What is the pathway for the vestibuloocular reflex
Axons through medial longitudinal fasiculus —\> contralateral abducens nucleus —\> abducens motor neurons send excitatory impulses via CN6 —\>ipsilateral lateral rectus m + contralateral occulomotor nucleus (medial rectus m)
63
How is the vestibuloocular network modulated
-vestibular neurons send excitatory signals to ipsilateral oculomotor nucleus -vestibular neurons carry inhibitory signals to ipsilateral abducens nucleus
64
What is the slow phase of nystagmus
Eyes move opposite direction of head rotation
65
What is the fast phase of nystagmus
Eyes moving in the same direction as the head
66
How is nystagmus named
Direction of head rotation
67
Slow phase is dependent on what CN
3, 4, 6
68
What is caloric nystagmus
Warm water in the ear causes looking towards that side Cold water in the ear causes opposite eye movements
69
What is the oculoclonic reflex
Doll’s eyes movement Intact= both eyes looking in direction of fluid in ear
70
The slow phase of the oculoclonic reflex is mediated by
Vestibular nuclei (CN 3, 4, 6)
71
The fast phase of the oculoclonic reflex is mediated by
Signals that originate from the reticular formation
72
Lesioned RF but intact brainstem does what with oculoclonic reflex
Deviation of eyes in the direction of the slow phase
73
What is the name of the name of the brainstem circuitry that controls rapid eye movement
Saccades
74
What contains premotor neurons that project to the extraocular motor nuclei
Pontine reticular formation/paramedian pontine reticular formation
75
Lesions in the pontine reticular formation/paramedian pontine reticular formation cause
Horizontal gaze palsies -assuming the horizontal gaze center is involved
76
What are the cells of the pontine reticular formation that project to the extraocular motor neurons
Excitatory burst neurons Inhibitory burst neurons
77
When gaze shifts right what do the EBN and IBN do
EBN activate CN6 on the right IBN inhibit CN 6 on the left
78
What carries information about the direction that the eyes should move
MLF (medial longitudinal fasiculus)

Neuro Exam 2 (21 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2025 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions