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Neuro Exam 2 > 7 Visual Pathways and Eye Movements - B > Flashcards

7 Visual Pathways and Eye Movements - B Flashcards

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1
Q

The optic n and retina are an outgrowth of what part of the brain

A

Prosencephalon

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2
Q

Light passes from objects in visual field, through pupil to subtend an image upon the retina, which creates

A

Retinal field

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3
Q

Focusing on an object causes it to be centered where

A

Fovea centralis and macula lutea

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4
Q

*Visual fields are divided into what zones

A

Binocular (overlapping zones of eyes) Monocular (seen by one eye)

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5
Q

The monocular zones make up

A

Peripheral vision

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6
Q

Retinal fields are

A

Location on the retina that an object in the visual field is projected

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7
Q

*What are retinal hemispheres

A

Nasal and temporal halves of the retinal fields

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8
Q

*The image formed on the retina is inverted in what directions

A

Lateral and vertical dimensions

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9
Q

*The left half of the visual field is made of

A

Nasal half of the left retina and temporal half of the right retina

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10
Q

*The right half of the visual field is made of

A

Nasal half of the right retina and the temporal half of the retina

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11
Q

*Where does CN 2 decussate

A

Optic chiasm

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12
Q

*The nasal half of the each retina goes where

A

Contralateral optic tract

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13
Q

*The temporal half of each retina goes where

A

Ipsilateral optic tract

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14
Q

*The optic tract of each side consists of

A

Temporal retina fibers of ipsilateral fibers Nasal retina fibers of contralateral fibers

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15
Q

*The optic tract curves posteriorly around the cerebral peduncle and terminates in the

A

Lateral geniculate nucleus

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16
Q

*The ventral base of the LGN is formed by

A

Optic tract (retinogeniculate) fibers

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17
Q

The dorsal and lateral borders of the LGN and optic tract are formed by

A

Optic radiations

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18
Q

*The LGN is divided into what cellular layers

A

Magnocellular and parvocellular

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19
Q

*The magnocellular layer is made of

A

Layers 1 and 2 (ventral)

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20
Q

The magnocellular layer receives input from

A

Rods

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21
Q

The magnocellular layer has a _______ receptive field and is sensitive to ___________

A

Large; moving stimuli There are also faster conducting neurons here

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22
Q

*The parvocellular layer is made of what layers

A

3-6

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23
Q

The parvocellular layers receive input from

A

Cones

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24
Q

The parvocellular layer has a _________ receptive field and is sensitive to _________________

A

Small; high acuity color Slower axons than magnocellular and tonically active with stationary objects

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25
\*The temporal retina remain uncrossed and terminate in layers ________ of the ipsilateral LGN
2, 3, 5
26
\*Nasal retina cross to contralateral side and terminate in layers \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_
1, 4, 6 of contralateral LGN
27
\*The R nasal retina synapses where
Left LGN layers 1, 4, 6
28
\*The L temporal retina synapses where
Left LGN layers 2, 3, 5
29
\*The L nasal field synapses where
Right LGN layers 1, 4, 6
30
\*The R temporal retina synapses where
Layers 2, 3, 5 of the right LGN
31
\*Secondary neurons from the LGN extend a large bundle of myelinated fibers called the
Optic radiation
32
\*where do the optic radiations synapse
Visual cortex (striate cortex) on the upper and lower banks of the calcarine sulcus
33
\*Fibers from the lower quadrant of the contralateral hemifields target what
Superior bank of the calcarine sulcus on the cuneus
34
\*Fibers from the upper quadrant of the contralateral hemifields target what
Inferior bank of the calcarine sulcus on the lingual gyrus
35
Where do fibers from the lower quadrant of the contralateral hemifield originate
Dorsomedial portion of LGN and then arch caudally to pass through the retrolenticular limb of the internal capsule
36
\*Where do the fibers from the upper quadrant of the contralateral hemifields orginate
Ventrolateral portion of LGN and then arch rostrally, passing into the white matter of the temporal lobe to form the meyer loop
37
\*Damage to the temporal lobe can cause what visual deficit
Superior visual field deficit d/t Meyer’s lobe passing here
38
Inferior visual fields project to the cortex above ________ \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ and superior fields project to the cortex below _________ \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_
Calcarine sulcus
39
\*What is group together as the visual association cortex
Areas 18, 19, and parts of the temporal and parietal lobe
40
The superior colliculus does what
Spatially directs head movements and visual reflexes
41
What inputs does the superior colliculus receive
Retinal input and cortical input
42
The pretectal area is important in what general task
Discerning light intensity which is involved in the pupillary light reflex
43
Corticotectal fibers descend to the superior colliculus and control
LMN of CN 3, 4, 6 Requires consciousness to test these
44
Hemianopsia is
Blindness in one half of the visual field
45
Quadrananopia is
Blindness in a quadrant of visual field
46
Homonymous visual fields are
Conditions in which visual field losses are similar in both eyes
47
Heteronymous visual fields are
Conditions in which the two eyes have non-overlapping field losses
48
Congruous deficits are
a similar loss of visual field in each eye (i.e same quadrant); suggests damage closer to occipital lobe
49
Incongruous deficits are
Not symetrical
50
Damage anterior to chiasm
Only affects ipsilateral eye
51
Damage at the chiasm
Causes heteronymous deficits
52
Damage behind chiasm causes
Homonymous defects
53
Associative visual agnosia is caused by
Infarction of the left occipital lobe and posterior corpus callosum
54
What is associative visual agnosia typically secondary to
Posterior cerebral A occlusion
55
What does associative visual agnosia do
Disconnects the language area from the visual association cortex
56
What are the symptoms of associative visual agnosia
Patient cannot name or describe an object in the visual field but can recognize and demonstrate its use
57
What is formed with a lesion at A
58
What is formed with a lesion at B
59
What is formed with a lesion at C
60
What happens with a lesion at D
61
What happens with a lesion at E
62
What happens with a lesion at F
63
What happens with a lesion at G
64
What happens with a lesion a H
65
What happens with a lesion at I
66
What happens with a lesion at J
67
What happens with a lesion at K

Neuro Exam 2 (21 decks)

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