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GERR > Histology - Endocrine microanatomy > Flashcards

Histology - Endocrine microanatomy Flashcards

1
Q

which type of gland secretes substances into a ductal system

a.endocrine
b.exocrine

A

b.exocrine

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2
Q

which glands are formed from the isolation of the growing bud of cells from the surface epithelium

a.exocrine
b.endocrine

A

b.endocrine

(then acquires its own blood supply )

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3
Q

what hangs from the hypothalamus by the infundibular stalk

a.sphenoid sinus]
b.sella turcica
c.pituitary gland

A

c.pituitary gland

located in stella turcica of sphenoid bone encloed in CT capsule

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4
Q

which part of the pituitary is known as the adenohypophysis

a.anterior
b.posterior

A

a.anterior

(glands)

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5
Q

which part of the pituitary is known as the neurohypophysis

a.anterior
b.posterior

A

b.posterior
(neurons)

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6
Q

what is the anterior lobe of the pituitary formed from

a.neuroectoderm
b.rathkes pouch (buccal ectoderm)

A

b.rathkes pouch (buccal ectoderm)

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7
Q

what is the posterior lobe of the pituitary formed from

a.neuroectoderm
b.rathkes pouch (buccal ectoderm)

A

a.neuroectoderm

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8
Q

the infundibular stalk attaches the hypothalamus to which part of the pituitary

a.anterior
b.posterior
c.superior
d.inferior

A

b.posterior

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9
Q

hat is the body of the posterior pituitary known as

a. infundibular stalk
b.pars nervosa
c.pars tuberalis
d. pars intermedia
e.pars distalis

A

b.pars nervosa

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10
Q

what is the part of the anterior pituitary that wraps around the infudibular stalk known as

a. infundibular stalk
b.pars nervosa
c.pars tuberalis
d. pars intermedia
e.pars distalis

A

c.pars tuberalis

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11
Q

what is the part of the anterior pituitary that lies between the anterior and posterior pituitary is known as

a. infundibular stalk
b.pars nervosa
c.pars tuberalis
d. pars intermedia
e.pars distalis

A

d. pars intermedia

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12
Q

what is the part of the anterior pituitary that makes up the body is known as

a. infundibular stalk
b.pars nervosa
c.pars tuberalis
d. pars intermedia
e.pars distalis

A

e.pars distalis

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13
Q

what are the cells of the anterior pituitary classified based on

A

histochemical staining
now based on secretory product

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14
Q

cells of thre anterior pituitary that stain brightly coloured are known as

a.chromophils
b.chromophobes

A

a.chromophils

arranged in nests or cords
surrounded by numerous capillaries
2 subtypes - acidophips and basophils

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15
Q

which type of cell found in the anterior pituitary are glandular cells arranged in nests or cords surrounded by numerous capillaries

a.chromophils
b.chromophobes

A

a.chromophils

bright staining
acidophips
basophils

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16
Q

what are the pale staining chromophobe cells found in the anterior pituitary

a.immature chromophils
b.quiescent chromophils
c.mutated chromophils

A

b.quiescent chromophils

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17
Q

what do somatotrophs secrete

a.growth hormone
b.prolactin
c.ACTH
d.TSH
e.FSH and LH

A

a. growth hormone

anterior pituitary classifcation of cells based on secretory products

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18
Q

what do mammotrophs secrete

a.growth hormone
b.prolactin
c.ACTH
d.TSH
e.FSH and LH

A

b.prolactin

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19
Q

what do corticotrophs secrete

a.growth hormone
b.prolactin
c.ACTH
d.TSH
e.FSH and LH

A

c.ACTH

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20
Q

what do thyrotrophs secrete

a.growth hormone
b.prolactin
c.ACTH
d.TSH
e.FSH and LH

A

d.TSH

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21
Q

what do gonadotrophs secrete

a.growth hormone
b.prolactin
c.ACTH
d.TSH
e.FSH and LH

A

e.FSH and LH

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22
Q

what cell type makes up the majority of the cells in the anterior pituitary when classified by secretory product

a. chromophobes
b.chromophils
c.somatotropphs
d.mammotrophs
e.corticotrophs

A

c.somatotropphs

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23
Q

how does the posterior pituitary stain

a.bright
b.pale

A

b.pale

unmyelinated axons axons of neurosecretory cell bodies found in the supraoptic and paraventricular nuclei of the hypothalamus

24
Q

what do the axons of the neurosecretory cell bodies found in the suprapotic nucleus of the hypothalamus secrete

a,ADH
b.ACTH
c.adrenaline
d.oxytocin
e.CRH

A

a,ADH

25
Q

what do the axons of the neurosecretory cell bodies found in the paraventricular nucleus of the hypothalamus secrete

a,ADH
b.ACTH
c.adrenaline
d.oxytocin
e.CRH

A

d.oxytocin

26
Q

dilations of axons for the storage of hormones are knwon as

a.sella turcica
b.herring bodies
c.paraventricular nuclei
d.supraoptic nuclei

A

b.herring bodies

27
Q

the hypophyseal system is a system of blood vessels connecting the hypothalamus to..\

a.anterior pituitary
b.posterior pituitary

A

a.anterior pituitary

28
Q

what surfaces of the upper trachea is the thyroid found on

a,posterior, lateral
b.anterior, lateral
c. posterior, inferior

A

b.anterior, lateral

29
Q

parathyroids sit posteriorly to the thyroid gland
how many parathyroids are there in total

a.2
b.4
c.3
d.1

A

b.4
a superior and inferior on each side

30
Q

what is goitre ?

A

swelling of the neck (enlargement of the thyroid)
can be associated with abnormal functioning of the thyroid

ef hypo/hyper thyroidism , cancer, iodine defficiency

31
Q

the thyroid gland is composed of follicles lined with ..

a.epithelium
b.endothelium
c.thyrocytes
d.herring bodies

A

c.thyrocytes

thyroid epithelial cells

32
Q

which cell type is most numerous in the thyroid gland

a. follicular cells
b. c cells
c. somatotrophs
d.chromophobes

A

a. follicular cells

have an apical surface lined with microvilli
produce t3 and t4
regulate cell and tissue metabolic rate

33
Q

which cells of the thyroid gland produce calcitonin

a. follicular cells
b. c cells
c. somatotrophs
d.chromophobes

A

b. c cells
parafollicular

located between follicles or ate periphery

34
Q

what effect does calcitonin have on blood calcium

a,increase
b.decrease

A

b.decrease

35
Q

ow does calcitonin decrease blood calcium levels

a.increase resorpbtion by osteoclasts and decrease formation by osteoblasts

b. decrease resorption by osteoblasts and increase formation by osteoclasts

c.decrease resorption by osteoclasts and increase formation by osteoblasts

A

c.decrease resorption by osteoclasts and increase formation by osteoblasts

36
Q

which cells of the thyroid produce T3 and T4

a. follicular cells
b. c cells
c. somatotrophs
d.chromophobes

A

a. follicular cells

37
Q

the inactive form of T3 andf T4 is prouduced by follicular cells and is known thyroglobulin stored as colloid where is it stored

a. in follicular cells
b.in thyrocytes
c. in c cells
d.in centre of follicle

A

d.in centre of follicle

38
Q

stimulation by which hormone from the anterior pituitary causes thyroglobulin to be reabsorbed and broken down by lysosmes to t4 and t3

a.ACTH
b.ADH
c.TSH
d.FSH

A

c.TSH

from thyrotrophs

39
Q

in a situation of hyperthyroidism what happens to the amount of collloid

a.increase
b.decrease

A

b.decrease

increased TSH
stimulates more resorbtion of colloid for conversion to t3 and t4
less colloid left

40
Q

in a situation of hypothyroidism what happens to the amount of collloid

a.increase
b.decrease

A

a.increase

decreased TSH
less resorbtion of colloid for conversion to t3 and t4

41
Q

where the adrenal glands found

a.spehnoid bone
b. below hypothalamus
c.above kidneys
d.below kidneys

A

c.above kidneys

42
Q

which part of the adrenal gland produces steroid hormones

a.cortex
b.medulla

A

a.cortex

43
Q

which part of the adrenal gland produces catecholamines

a.cortex
b.medulla

A

b.medulla

44
Q

which zone of the adrenal cortex is made up of rounded groups of cells producing mineralocorticoids eg aldosterone

a.zona glomerulosa (outer)

b.zona fasiculata ( middle)

c.zona reticularis ( inner)

A

a.zona glomerulosa (outer)

45
Q

which zone of the adrenal cortex is made up of long cells in columns that produce glucorticoids under control of ACTH from the anterior pituitary

a.zona glomerulosa (outer)

b.zona fasiculata ( middle)

c.zona reticularis ( inner)

A

b.zona fasiculata ( middle)

46
Q

which zone of the adrenal cortex is made up of cells arranged in branching irregular networks producing androgens

a.zona glomerulosa (outer)

b.zona fasiculata ( middle)

c.zona reticularis ( inner)

A

c.zona reticularis ( inner)

47
Q

what 4 cell types are found in the islets of langerhans

A

alpha
beta
delta
f cells

48
Q

which cells of the islets of langerhans produce somatostatin

a. alpha
b.beta
c.delta
d. f

A

c.delta

49
Q

which cells of the islets of langerhans produce pancreatic polypeptide

a. alpha
b.beta
c.delta
d. f

A

d. f

50
Q

which cell type is found diffusely arranged in the GI epithelium

a.alpha
b.beta
c.endocrine
d.enteroendocrine

A

d.enteroendocrine

secrete peptides eg gastrin, motilin, secretin

51
Q

which of these hormones stimulates gastric acid secretion

a.gastrin
b. cholecystokinin
c.motilin
d.secretin

A

a.gastrin

52
Q

which of these hormones stimulates gall baldder contraction

a.gastrin
b. cholecystokinin
c.motilin
d.secretin

A

b. cholecystokinin

53
Q

which of these hormones stimulates gastric and intestinal motility

a.gastrin
b. cholecystokinin
c.motilin
d.secretin

A

c.motilin

54
Q

which of these hormones stimulates pancreatic enzyme secretion and inhibits gastric acid secretion

a.gastrin
b. cholecystokinin
c.motilin
d.secretin

A

d.secretin

55
Q

what 2 elements make up the gastrointestinal eneteroendocrine pancreatic system

A

islets of langerhans , enteroendocrine cells

GERR (53 decks)

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