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Pharmacology > Antifungal/Antiviral drugs > Flashcards

Antifungal/Antiviral drugs Flashcards

1
Q

how do polyenes work?

A

bind to and damage fungal cell membrane

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2
Q

how do imidazoles work?

A

cause leakage of fungal cell membrane

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3
Q

how do antimetabolites work?

A

interfere with RNA and protein metabolsim

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4
Q

how do superficial antifungal drugs work?

A

disrupt fungal cell division (griseofulvin), inhibit cell membrane synthesis (terbinafine)

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5
Q

what are some ways to test for a fungal infection?

A

dermatophyte test media and serology (blood, urine tests)

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6
Q

fungicidial

A

kill

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7
Q

fungistatic

A

inhibit growth

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8
Q

how do antifungal drugs work?

A

affect the cell membrane, interfere with RNA and protein synthesis, disrupt cell division

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9
Q

how to tell if a drug is a imidazole?

A

ends in azole

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10
Q

sterilization

A

removal or destruction of all microbes except prions

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11
Q

asepsis

A

describes an environment or procedure that is free of contamination by pathogens

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12
Q

disinfection

A

process of using physical or chemical agents to reduce the number of pathogens on inanimate objects

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13
Q

disinfectants

A

chemicals that kill microbes or inhibit their growth on inanimate objects

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14
Q

antiseptic

A

chemical used on skin or other living tissue in the process of making it free pf contamination by pathogens, they kill or inhibit the growth of microorganisms on living tissue

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15
Q

germicide

A

chemical that kills microorganisms

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16
Q

sanitizer

A

chemical that reduces the number of microbes on inanimate surfaces to levels that are considered safe from a public health standpoint but does not destroy or eliminate all bacteria or microoragnisms

17
Q

bactericide

A

chemical that kills bacteria

18
Q

virucide

A

chemical that kills viruses

19
Q

fungicide

A

chemical that kills fungi

20
Q

sporicide

A

chemical that kills endospores

21
Q

tuberculocide

A

chemical that kills Mycobacterium tuberculosis

22
Q

sanitizing

A

physical removal of organic material

23
Q

what are some considerations for polyenes?

A

not well absorbed, fairly toxic

24
Q

what are some considerations for imidazoles?

A

less toxic than other antifungals, used for systemic mycotic infections and some dermatophyte infections

25
Q

what are some considerations for antimetabolites?

A

used mainly in combination to treat Cryptococcus in cats, toxic to dogs

26
Q

what are some considerations for superficial antifungals?

A

used for dermaphyte infections (griseofulvin), inhibit cell membrane synthesis (terbinafine)

27
Q

how does acyclovir work?

A

interferes with viral synthesis of DNA

28
Q

how does interferon alfa work?

A

cytokine that stimulates cell signaling to noninfected host cells to produce antiviral proteins

29
Q

how does zidovudine work?

A

nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor that inhibits conversion of viral RNA into double-stranded DNA for integration into the cell genome

30
Q

how does famciclovir work?

A

prodrug that is converted to penciclovir which inhibits viral DNA synthesis

31
Q

how does amantadine work?

A

inhibits attachment of viruses to cell receptors

32
Q

how does vidarabine work?

A

adenosine derivative that inhibits viral DNA polymerases

33
Q

how does trifluridine work?

A

structurally similar to thymidine and inhibits DNA synthesis by substituting itself for thymidine in replicating viral DNA

34
Q

how does ganciclovir work?

A

guanosine derivative that competes with viral DNA polymerase preventing elongation of DNA

35
Q

how does cidofovir work?

A

inhibits viral DNA polymerases thus blocking DNA synthesis and viral replication during transcription

Pharmacology (8 decks)

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