Chapter 6

Question 1

4 question formats for self-report measures

Answer 1

open-ended
likert scale
semantic differential format
forced choice format

Question 2

forced choice format

Answer 2

respondents are given options to choose from

Question 3

Likert scale

Answer 3

degree of agreement/opinion on a given statement

Question 4

semantic differential

Answer 4

ends of the scale are opposing opinions (good——–bad, submissive——–dominant) etc.

Question 5

average number of points on a scale

Answer 5

5-7

Question 6

too little or too many points on a scale may affect the analysis how?

Answer 6

results may not be meaningful

Question 7

7 suggestions to better word questions

Answer 7

-avoid leading questions
-avoid double-barreled questions
-write as simple as possible
-be specific and precise
-avoid making assumptions about respondents
-present the conditions before the key idea
-avoid loaded questions

Question 8

double barreled questions

Answer 8

a question containing 2 separate ideas

Question 9

acquiescence

Answer 9

yes-saying on a self-report measure

Question 10

response sets

Answer 10

answering the same value for each question on a self-report measure

Question 11

fence sitting

Answer 11

staying neutral the whole time

Question 12

how can we detect response sets or acquiescence?

Answer 12

reverse coding.

Question 13

4 ways to observe and record behaviors

Answer 13

narrative records
checklists
temporal measures
rating scales

Question 14

narrative records

Answer 14

full description of everything a participant says and does during an observation session

Question 15

checklists can measure what 2 things

Answer 15

occurrence and frequency

Question 16

temporal measures

Answer 16

record when a behavior occurred and for how long?

Question 17

2 types of temporal measures

Answer 17

duration: how long bhvr lasts
latency: time that passes between stimulus and behavior

Question 18

2 disadvantages of observational measure

Answer 18

observer bias: when observer’s expectations influence their interpretation
observer effect: when participants conform to observer expectations

Question 19

solutions to minimize disadvantages of obs. measures

Answer 19

precise coding instructions
train coders
masked research design
reduce reactivity