Chapter 12 Factorial Design

Question 1

interaction effects

Answer 1

the effect that factor A has on the DV depends on factor B

Question 2

interaction effects reflect…

Answer 2

moderation effects

Question 3

factorial design

Answer 3

experimental designs examining how 2 or more IVs influence a DV SIMULTANEOUSLY

Question 4

how many IVs are in factorial design studies?

Answer 4

at least 2

Question 5

each condition in a factorial design has _______ _______ from multiple IVs

Answer 5

combined effects

Question 6

cell means

Answer 6

the score of the DV; focal interest of factorial design

Question 7

main effects in factorial design

Answer 7

overall effect of ONE IV on the DV AS IF ONLY THAT IV WERE STUDIED

Question 8

interactional effects

Answer 8

interaction b/w two IVs/factors

Question 9

marginal mean

Answer 9

mean DV score produced by 1 IV (each IV has its own marginal mean)

Question 10

what test can be conducted to determine if the difference b/w means is significant?

Answer 10

ANOVA

Question 11

what indicates the presence of interaction effects?

Answer 11

-lines are not parallel on line graph
-there is a difference between differences of means

Question 12

what does a difference b/w differences of 0 indicate?

Answer 12

no interaction effects

Question 13

template for describing main effects

Answer 13

there is a main effect of (factor name) on the DV such that participants in (one level of the factor) scores higher on the DV than participants in (the other level of the factor)
OR
there is not a main effect of (factor name)

Question 14

template for describing interaction effects

Answer 14

1. summarize if there is even an interaction effect b/w factors A and B
2. for level 1 of factor B, the DV is higher/lower in level 1 of factor A than level 2 of factor A. In contrast, for level 2 of factor B, the DV is lower/higher in level 1 of factor A than in level 2 of factor A.

Question 15

if a study shows to have both main effects and interaction effects, which are usually more important?

Answer 15

interaction

Question 16

most outcomes in psychological studies are: main fx or interaction fx?

Answer 16

intercation

Question 17

terms associated to cross-over and spreading interactions

Answer 17

cross-over: it depends
spreading: only when; especially when

Question 18

what can factorial designs test?

Answer 18

-boundary conditions: specify the conditions under which the effect disappears or grows stronger
-theories

Question 19

8 possible patterns of fx in 2x2 factorial designs

Answer 19

no interaction, no main
no interaction, main A
no interaction, main B
no interaction, main A, main B
interaction, main A
interaction, main B
interaction, main A, main B
interaction only

Question 20

is using the terms “it depends” or “cross-over” sufficient for describing interaction effects?

Answer 20

NO

Question 21

3 variations of factorial design

Answer 21

b/w subjects design
w/in subjects design
mixed factorial design

Question 22

if there are 50 participants in a w/in subjects design, how many would be in a b/w subjects and mixed designs for the same study?

Answer 22

b/w subjects: 200
mixed: 100

Question 23

in a b/w subjects factorial design, each participant experiences how many conditions?

Answer 23

1

Question 24

in a w/in subjects factorial design, each participants experiences how many conditions?

Answer 24

all of them

Question 25

what do you need to control for in w/in subjects factorial designs?

Answer 25

order fx

Question 26

mixed factorial designs: manipulation of the IVs

Answer 26

one is manipulated as b/w subjects and the other as w/in subjects

Question 27

how to write factorial notation

Answer 27

__ x __ x __ x etc.

Question 28

what will the results section of a factorial design journal article examine?

Answer 28

whether the main fx and interactions were significant
may include reference to significance, p value, analysis of variance (ANOVA, etc)

Question 29

if a factor has more than 2 levels, what type of test will be conducted to determine which marginal means are different?

Answer 29

post-hoc tests

Question 30

what are simple effects tested for in factorial design?

Answer 30

to see the pattern of interactions

Question 31

example of a factorial design description

Answer 31

a 2 (time: short vs long) x 2 (usage: passive vs active) mixed factorial design with time as a b/w subjects factor and usage as a w/in subjects factor

Question 32

we cannot draw causal conclusions for effects involving which type of variable?

Answer 32

participant variables