TC 3-04.4

Question 1

Blade coning is the sum result of what two forces?

Answer 1

Centrifugal force
+
lifting force on the blade

Question 2

Why is more power generally required to hover (IGE / OGE) as opposed to the power needed during cruise?

Answer 2

Rotor tip vortices that are present during a hover that make the outer portion of the blade less effective

Question 3

Why is less power required for an IGE hover than an OGE hover?

Answer 3

Rotor tip vortices are larger during an OGE hover and effect a larger portion of each blade than during an IGE hover

Induced flow is greater during an OGE hover which decreases the AoA

Question 4

What is translational lift?

Answer 4

Improved rotor efficiency resulting from directional flight and outrunning rotor vortices

Question 5

What is the transverse flow effect?

Answer 5

The difference in lift of the fore and aft portions of the blade as a result of air passing over the rotor system and gaining a progressively more downward motion the further aft the air is passed through the rotor system.

Question 6

When does ETL occur?

Answer 6

16 to 24 Knots when the rotor effectively outruns the recirculating of old rotor vortices

Question 7

Autorotation converts _________ energy into _________ energy.

Answer 7

Potential

Kinetic

Question 8

What is Bucket Speed?

Answer 8

Airspeed range that provides the best power margin for maneuvering flight.

Question 9

When is mushing considered a critical situation?

Answer 9

During low altitude recoveries or engagements that require tight turning radii

Question 10

What conditions can aggravate mushing?

Answer 10

High density altitudes and high gross weight

Question 11

As air density increases, engine power output, rotor efficiency, and aerodynamic lift ______________.
(Increases / decreases)

Answer 11

Increases

Question 12

What are the three major factors that affect aircraft performance?

Answer 12

Density altitude
Weight
Wind

Question 13

Why is the critical angle (in reference to dynamic rollovers) considered a dynamic angle and not a static angle?

Answer 13

Because the critical angle changes based on external factors such as the roll rate of the aircraft.
As the roll rate increases, the critical angle decreases and vice versa.

Question 14

What are the human factors of a dynamic rollover

Answer 14

-Inattention
-Inexperience
-Failure to take timely corrective action
-inappropriate control input
-Loss of visual reference

Question 15

What five conditions can cause ground resonance?

Answer 15

-defective drag dampers
-improperly serviced landing gear
-hard landings on one wheel
-ground taxiing over rough terrain
-hesitant or bouncing landings

Question 16

Define basic weight

Answer 16

The weight of an aircraft including all hydraulic and oil systems full, trapped and unusable fuel full, and all fixed equipment

Question 17

Define operating weight

Answer 17

Basic weight plus aircrew, aircrews baggage, emergency gear, and other equipment required

does not include fuel

Question 18

Define gross weight or takeoff gross weight

Answer 18

Operating weight plus fuel/payload

Question 19

When loading a CH47’s cargo internally it is assumed that cargo is being loaded centered around the:

Answer 19

Centroid of each compartment

Question 20

What are the three categories of external loads and which is the most stable?

Answer 20

High density, low density, and aerodynamic

High density is the most stable

Question 21

What ATP provides guidance for handling, storage, and transportation of ammunition and explosives?

Answer 21

ATP 4-35.1

Question 22

Whenever a helicopter loaded with ammunition and fuel as cargo takes off or lands at an airport, the ATC service of that airport shall be notified of what?

Answer 22

Quantity, type, and classification of the cargo

Question 23

In peacetime, flying helicopters loaded with ammunition and fuel as cargo over residential areas is ____________.

Answer 23

Prohibited

Question 24

Ice on the aircraft windscreen usually occurs first on what components

Answer 24

Wiper blades and arms, and the edges of the windshield

Question 25

Rotor blade icing begins where?

Answer 25

Near the blade root

Question 26

Asymmetrical ice shedding can cause what condition?

Answer 26

Severe vibration

Question 27

Wind associated with mountains can be broken down into three main categories:

Answer 27

Prevailing wind
Local wind
Surface wind

Question 28

Define demarcation line

Answer 28

The point separating upflow air from downflow air. It forms at the mountains highest point and extends diagonally upward.

Generally, the higher the windspeed and steeper the terrain, the steeper the demarcation line.

Question 29

When flying in mountainous regions, aviators should be aware of the potential for altimeter errors due to what effect?

Answer 29

The Venturi effect. Low pressure can develop on the Leeward side of mountains. 

Question 30

In Mountainous terrain, if a downdraft is encountered, what action should be performed?

Answer 30

Full power is applied and best rate of climb airspeed maintained. If unable to stop descent, a turn away from terrain is made. A maneuver downhill toward an area in the valley floor is attempted while maintaining Airspeed. Near the valley bottom, downdrafts begin to decrease in severity.

Question 31

What is the basic rule for crossing a ridge?

Answer 31

Diagonally

Question 32

How are escape routes assessed?

Answer 32

By determining where altitude can be exchanged for air speed

Question 33

What two factors make overwater flight particularly challenging?

Answer 33

Difficulty discerning a visible horizon and a near featureless terrain

Question 34

Terrain interpretation/association is more difficult when the moon is _________________.

Answer 34

Low on the horizon (longer shadows and less contrast)

Question 35

The ability to identify man-made or natural features at night ____________ as flight altitude increases.

Answer 35

DECREASES

Question 36

What are the three modes of terrain flight?

Answer 36

Low level, contour, and NOE

Question 37

Describe NOE flight

Answer 37

-conducted at varying air speeds as close to the earths surface as vegetation and obstacles permit
-up to 25 feet over the tallest obstacle

Question 38

Describe contour flight

Answer 38

Conducted at low altitude‘s conforming to the earths contours. Relatively constant Airspeeds and varying altitude as dictated by terrain and obstacles.

25 to 80 feet above the highest obstacle

Question 39

Describe low level flight

Answer 39

Constant altitude and airspeed dictated by threat avoidance.

Between 80 and 200 feet above highest obstacle

Question 40

What are the PZ/LZ selection considerations?
(SNOWCAL)

Answer 40

Size
Number and type of aircraft
Obstacles
Winds
Ground Condition
Approach/departure routes
Location

Question 41

What are the hazards to terrain flight?

Answer 41

Meteorological, physical, human
(MPH)

Question 42

What are the three techniques of movement and when are they used?

Answer 42

Traveling: when the enemy contact is unlikely

Traveling overwatch: when speed is essential and enemy contact is possible

Bounding overwatch: when enemy contact is expected

Question 43

What are the four categories of horizontal distance in formation flight?

Answer 43

Tight-2 disks
Close- 3 to 5
Loose- 6 to 10
Extended- >10

Question 44

What types of vertical separation are used in formation flight?

Answer 44

Flat, stepped up, or stepped down