Circulatory system(topic 1)

Question 1

what are some benefits of a open circulatory system?

Answer 1

-requires less energy for distrubuion
-better regulaion of body tempature

Question 2

what are some negatives of a open circulatory system?

Answer 2

-requires a low metabolic rate
-isn’t feasable in larger organism

Question 3

what are some advantages of a closed circulatory system?

Answer 3

-The blood transfers faster in the closed system, thus oxygen, nutritients, and wastes transport fast also.
-Specialized cells help carry nutrients
-is responsive to the organisms enviremental needs eg increase HR

Question 4

what are some negatives of a closed circulator system?

Answer 4

-more complex
-requires more energy to distribute

Question 5

3 advantages of a double circulatory system?

Answer 5

-blood doesn’t mix
-regulated body heat better
-higher pressure so blood can travel further
-cells have a higher metabolic rate

Question 6

Mass transport definition?

Answer 6

-the bulk movement of gases or liquids in one direction,usually via a system of vessels and tubes

Question 7

3 Features of a mass transport system?

Answer 7

-a means of distrubuting substances eg a heart
-a way of making substances flow in the right direction eg valves
-transport median eg water

Question 8

Name a difference between a open and closed circulatory system on how blood is distributed?

Answer 8

-Open circulatory systems found in insects and pump blood into body cavities whereas closed circulatory systems don’t make direct contact with the tissue cells and are responsive to changes in the organ

Question 9

3 features of a arteries structure?

Answer 9

-Small lumen
-Smooth lining
-External later of tough tissue

Question 10

3 features of veins?

Answer 10

-Large lumen
-Thin inner surface
-Valves

Question 11

3 features of capillaries?

Answer 11

-One cell thick
-No cologen
-No elastic fibres

Question 12

What does cologen do?

Answer 12

-Protein found at joins and holds tissue together

Question 13

3 functions of blood?

Answer 13

-Carries chemical messagers
-Maintains body temp
-Waste product removal
-Acts as a ph buffer

Question 14

2 Features of red blood cells?

Answer 14

-Large size
-Biconcave shape

Question 15

When oxygen and haemoglobin combine what is made?

Answer 15

-Oxyhemoglobin

Question 16

Affinity definition?

Answer 16

-How easily haemoglobin binds to oxygen

Question 17

Why do oxygen levels fluctuate within the body?

Answer 17

-Response to environmental change

Question 18

What is the Bohr effect?

Answer 18

-Level of co2 determines how much oxygen is produced

Question 19

When co2 combines with haemoglobin what is made?

Answer 19

-carbamino haemoglobin

Question 20

What percentage of co2 is carried in both plasma and attached to haemoglobin

Answer 20

5 percent carried in plasma
10-20 percent attached to haemoglobin

Question 21

What is formed when co2 reacts with water

Answer 21

Carbonic acid

Question 22

What happens to carbonic acid to ensure that you blood isn’t acidic

Answer 22

Separates into 2 ions
H+ and hydrogencarbonate ions
Both held in cytoplasm of red blood cells

Question 23

At high partial pressure is the affinity of haemoglobin high or low

Answer 23

High affinity

Question 24

What 2 things are released when platelets break open

Answer 24

Seratonin
Thromboplastin

Question 25

What does seratonin do

Answer 25

Causes smooth muscles to contract which narrows the blood vessels hense limiting blood loss

Question 26

What does thromboplastin do

Answer 26

And enzyme that controls of the formation of a blood clot

Question 27

two properties of water that make it ideal for a transport median

Answer 27

water is a solvent
liquid so ability to flow
high boiling point so stays the same state all around the body

Question 28

exsplain the structures of amlopectin and glcogen.

Answer 28

branched so can be rapidly hydrolised
compact so more energy can be stored
insoluble so doesnt affect osmosis

Question 29

what is fibrinogen

Answer 29

a soluble plasma protein

Question 29

what is fibrinogen

Answer 29

a soluble plasma protein

Question 30

One health risk associated with statin

Answer 30

Liver damage