proteins and genetics(topic 2) Flashcards
what is the structure of amino acids
made up of long chains of amino acids
amino acids have a carbon a amine group,a carboxl group and a variable group
how are polypeptides formed
condensation reactions which is the removal of water
what are the 4 structures of proteins
primary structure=sequence of amino acids in the polypeptide chain held together by peptide bonds
secondary structure=hydrogen bonds form between the amino acids in the chain which makes it coil up into a alpha helix or fold into a beta pleated sheet
tertiary=coiled and folded more more bonds formed including hydrogen bonds and ionic bonds.diffusion bonds also form and overall it is a 3d structure
Quaternary structure=several different polypeptide chains held together by bonds proteins final 3D structure.
what do enzymes do
catalyse metabolic reactions.
Draw the basic structure of a amino acid
What is the name given to the ammount needed to start a reaction
Activation energy
What does DNA do
Stores the genetic information and organism needs to grow and develop
What does RNA do
Transfer genetic information from DNA to ribosomes
What do ribosomes do
Read the RNA to make polypeptides in a process called translation
What is a mononucleiteid
A Pentose sugar
A nitrogen containing organic base
A phosphate group
What is the base sequences for DNA and RNA
DNA= a-t and c-g
RNA=a-u and c-g
What is DNAs structure
Two dna polynucleotide strands joined together by hydrogen bonding between the bases
Arranged in a double helix structure
What is translation
Dna is copied into Rna for protein synthesis
Dna is too large to leave the nucleus so is copied into mRNA
mRNA leaves the nucleus and joins with the ribosome in the cytoplasm where it can be used ti synthesise a protein
tRNA
What is a codon
Three adjacent bases
What is a anticodon
Amino acid binding site at one end and a sequence of bases at the other end
