topic 5

Question 1

what is succession

Answer 1

gradual directional change of a ecosystem

Question 2

what is primary succession

Answer 2

happens when newly formed or exposed no soil or organic moment to start with

Question 3

what is secondary succession

Answer 3

all plants cleared but soil remains

Question 4

what is a pioneer species

Answer 4

adapted to withstand tough conditions

Question 5

featured of a pioneer species

Answer 5

short lifecycle
lots of seed
fast growth rate
bad at competition

Question 6

what is phosphosphorelation

Answer 6

adding phosphate group

Question 7

what is dephosphosphorelation

Answer 7

removing a phosphate group

Question 8

adv of atp as a enrgy source

Answer 8

instant source of energy
releases energy in small ammounts
used in many different chemical reactions.

Question 9

what is the difference between a virus and a bacteria

Answer 9

Bacteria are single cells that can survive on their own, inside or outside the body. Viruses cause infections by entering and multiplying inside the host’s healthy cells.

Question 10

what is virrilance

Answer 10

how easily it spreads

Question 11

what is a spike protein

Answer 11

specific to certain receptors on outside of virons which is responsible for the plasma membrane changing shape allowing a cell to enter

Question 12

primary defenses against infection

Answer 12

skin-physical barrier strengthened by keratin. Antimicrobial secretion prevents bacteria colonizing

inflamation-swelling at site of damaged cells-vasodillation so increased blood flow

tranchea and bronchii-goblet cells produce and secrete mucus which traps pathogens

stomach and gas-hydrochloric acid kills pathogens

Question 13

what is a autotroph

Answer 13

autotrophs are organisms that use use light energy or chemical energy and inorganic molecules to synthesize complex organic molecules

Question 14

what are heterotrophs

Answer 14

organisms that ingest and ingest complex molecules that release chemicals with potential energy stored in them.

Question 15

what is latent tb and active tb

Answer 15

latent tb-no symptoms
based on immune system
active tb can be fatal

Question 16

why is hiv so hard to treat

Answer 16

constantly mutating

Question 17

what is the innate immune response

Answer 17

increase in temp to kill bacteria
lyphocytes give off antibodies from white blood cells which engulf pathogens

Question 18

what is asymptomatic

Answer 18

shows no symptons

Question 19

5 stages of phagocytosis

Answer 19

pathogen detection

pathogen located and phagocyte
binds to pathogen

phagocyte engulfs pathogen

fuses with lysosome

absorbs digestive products

Question 20

what is agglutination

Answer 20

clumping of pathogens together

Question 21

what are some similarities and differences between cell mediated and humoral immune response

Answer 21

cell mediated-
mediated by t cells
detected by receptors
protects against viral infection

humoral immune-
involves formation of antibodies
mediated by B cells

Question 22

what are antibodies

Answer 22

glycolytic proteins that which defend against infection and pathogens

Question 23

what are the two types of antibiotics

Answer 23

bacteriacidal–kills bacterial cells

bacteriaostatic–slow the growth or reproduction of bacteria.

Question 24

superbugs definition

Answer 24

species of infectious bacteria that a resistant to known antibiotics

Question 25

what causes superbugs to develope

Answer 25

GENIE

Question 26

what are swhann cells

Answer 26

wrap around the axon and release a lipid which myelinates the axon speeding up the impulse

Question 27

benefits of myelination

Answer 27

protects neuron from damage
speeds up nerve impulse

Question 28

what is a biofuel

Answer 28

a fuel derived immediately from living matter