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CR2 > Cardiac Imaging > Flashcards

Cardiac Imaging Flashcards

1
Q

Which cardiac imaging test is usually done on admission

A

CXR

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2
Q

What type of waves are used to bp create images of heart in echocardiography

A

Ultrasound

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3
Q

What type of echocardiogram is used to calculate velocity of blood flow and pressure gradients

A

Doppler

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4
Q

What can echocardiography be used to assess

A

Valves
Myocardial disease
Great vessels
Thrombus
Infection tumour

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5
Q

Shat directions does the heart contract in

A

Longitudinally
Radially
Circumferentially

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6
Q

3 windows heart can be viewed from in echocardiography

A

Parasternal - through LV
Apical - overall view of heart
Subcostal - fluid around heart

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7
Q

Are stenosis and regurgitation more common in the aortic and mitral valves, or pulmonary and tricuspid valves

A

Aortic and mitral

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8
Q

What can patient factors decrease effectiveness of echocardiography

A

Hugh BMI
COPD

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9
Q

Why can a better image be generated using transeosophageal echocardiography than regular echocardiography

A

Can use higher freq and lower wavelength

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10
Q

Where are images of the heart taken from in transesoohageal echocardiography

A

Probe passed down oesophagus

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11
Q

Advances of transesoohageal echocardiography over regular echocardiography

A

Don’t have to look through chest wall
Higher freq + lower wavelength
Better for viewing valves

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12
Q

Why is transesoohageal echocardiography often used post surgery

A

Scars and incisions get in way

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13
Q

What is TEE often used to assess

A

Endocarditis
Accurate valve assessment
Post operative
Pre ablation assessment of L atrial appendage
Oesophageal structure/diverticula/tumour
Varies
Recent eosophageal/gastric surgery

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14
Q

Which imaging is best for viewing plaques on coronary artery walls

A

CT coronary angiogram

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15
Q

What does CT FFR show

A

Ratio of flow from top to bottom of coronary artery

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16
Q

What conditions/medications are given before a CT coronary angiogram to improve image quality

A

Beta blockers
ECG gating
Breath hold

17
Q

Why are beta blockers given before a CT coronary angiogram

A

Image clearer when heart moving slower

18
Q

Why is ECG gating used in CT coronary angiography

A

To take image when heart is moving least - improves image quality

19
Q

What are CT coronary angiograms often used

A

New onset chest pain
No previous CAD
assessing grafts in CABG patients

20
Q

Disadvantages of CT coronary angiography

A

Radiation
Possible contrast allergy
Contrast can damage kidneys

21
Q

What contrast do used in MRI

A

gadolinium

22
Q

How does gadolinium provide contrast on MRI

A

Washed through healthy tissues but accumulates on scars and damage, changes magnetic properties of tissues where it accumulates

23
Q

What can gadolinium cause in patients with poor renal function

A

Retroperitoneal fibrosis

24
Q

What is the minimum eGFR for gadolinium to be used safely

A

50

25
Q

Can an MRI be done on a patient with a pacemaker

A

No

26
Q

What document must be given to a patient before being given an MRI

A

Pre check questionnaire

27
Q

What conditions are MRI useful in diagnosis of

A

Discriminating MI and myocarditis
Cardiomyopathy
Storage disorders
Thrombus
Mass discrimination

28
Q

How can MRI be used to differentiate myocarditis and MI

A

MI - gadolinium retention matches coronary territory
Myocarditis - patchy gadolinium retention

29
Q

MPS

A

Myocardial perfusion scan

30
Q

What does MPS assess

A

Tissue activity

31
Q

How does MPS work

A

Radioactive 18FDG contrast injected into heart -> flow through muscle monitored -> tissue activity assessed

32
Q

What contrast is used in MPS

A

18-FDG

33
Q

What condition is MPS useful in diagnosis for

A

Myocardial ischaemia

34
Q

What is used to put heart in pharmacological stress

A

Adenosine

35
Q

Why may narrowing of coronary arteries be missed by MPS of all 3 main arteries are blocked

A

All areas of heart appear same as all have same perfusion and contrast reuptake

36
Q

MPS disadvantages

A

Radiation
Stressing agents used
Time consuming

CR2 (33 decks)

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