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CR2 > Excercise Pysiology > Flashcards

Excercise Pysiology Flashcards

1
Q

What is the immediate energy source for exercising muscle

A

Phosphocreatine

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2
Q

How long does it take for muscles to use up phosphocreatine from start of exercise

A

10 secs

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3
Q

What is the what catalyses the decomposition of phosphocreatine

A

Creatine kinase

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4
Q

What pathway is used to generate ATP from glucose anaerobically

A

Glycolytic pathway

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5
Q

When does the body switch to anaerobic metabolism

A

In heavy exercise When cells receive insufficient oxygen

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6
Q

Why do muscles fatigue

A

Drop in pH due to lactate build up

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7
Q

What molecule is converted to lactate in anaerobic metabolism

A

Excess pyruvate

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8
Q

Is aerobic or anaerobic metabolism more effective at generating ATP

A

Aerobic

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9
Q

Why does aerobic metabolism require oxygen

A

For oxidative phosphorylation

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10
Q

What is VO2

A

Volume of oxygen consumed or the rate of O2 uptake by skeletal muscle

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11
Q

What does the Fick equation calculate

A

VO2

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12
Q

Does increased fitness raise or lower VO2

A

Raise

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13
Q

VO2 max

A

Highest peak O2 uptake that an individual can obtain during dynamic exercise using large muscle groups during a few minutes

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14
Q

What does VO2 show

A

Aerobic physical fitness

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15
Q

When is VO2 max reached

A

When O2 consumption remains steady despite increased workload

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16
Q

Anaerobic threshold

A

Point where lactate begins to accumulate in the bloodstream

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17
Q

What can occur when lactate is produced faster than it can be metabolised

A

Metabolic acidosis

18
Q

Does increased fitness raise or lower anaerobic threshold

A

Raise

19
Q

How does the cardiovascular system react to exercise

A

Regional muscle vasodilation
Increase CO by increasing SV and HR

20
Q

How does the body decrease vascular resistance in exercising muscles

A

Vasoactive substrates and products of muscle metabolism
Vasoactive mediators released by endothelium
Adrenergic receptor activation

21
Q

Which vasoactive mediators are released by the endothelium

A

NO
ATP
Adenosine
Prostaglandins

22
Q

Which adrenergic receptors cause vasodilation

A

Beta2

23
Q

How is CO increased during exercise

A

Increase HR and SV

24
Q

How is HR increased during exercise

A

Incr sympathetic activity

25
Q

What is SV

A

Stroke volume

26
Q

Why does SV start to decrease after initial increase during exercise

A

Diastolic time decreases when HR increases, so there is less time for the heart to fill

27
Q

How does the heart remodel in response long term to exercise

A

Cardiac muscle hypertrophy
Increased resting SV
Compensatory bradycardia
Increased resting EDV

28
Q

How is MAP calculated

A

(CO X TPR) + CVP

29
Q

Why does total peripheral resistance decrease during dynamic exercise

A

Vasodilation in exercising muscles

30
Q

How does systolic pressure and MAP change during exercise

A

Increase

31
Q

How does pulmonary ventilation increase during exercise

A

Increase resp rate
Increase tidal volume

32
Q

Why does venous O2 decrease during exercise

A

More O2 removed from blood

33
Q

How does the increased difference between venous and arterial pO2 affect o2 transport

A

Bigger gradient pushes more O2 to diffuse into tissues

34
Q

How does Hb binding affinity change during exercise

A

Decrease

35
Q

Excess post exercise oxygen consumption

A

Progressive rise in O2 consumption until it matches demand

36
Q

What initiates physiological changes due to exercise

A

Inhibition of parasympathetic and increase in sympathetic impulses due to signals from central command

37
Q

What part of brain controls changes in exercise

A

Higher brain levels

38
Q

What does central command do

A

Initiate autonomic changes due to exercise
Modulate baroreceptor reflex sensitivity
Receives feedback from increased activity in afferent nerves and exercising limbs
Metaboreceptors respond to changes in metabolite concentrations

39
Q

What gas is a major driver for ventilation

A

CO2

40
Q

What type of receptor is involved in respiratory responses

A

Central and peripheral chemoreceptors

CR2 (33 decks)

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