Chapter 4

Question 1

what is bourgeois liberalism?

Answer 1

liberals mostly spoke for the bourgeoisie, so their ideas were called bourgeois liberalism

Question 2

Serbia seeks independence

Answer 2

wins independence

Karageorge led an unsuccessful guerilla war against the Ottomans, which fostered a sense of Serbian identity

Milos Obrenovic led a successful rebellion against the Ottomans
- Support from Russia

Question 3

Greece seeks independence

Answer 3

wins independence

At first, Greeks were divided when trying to fight Ottoman rule, but nationalism happened

Supported by romantic writers like Byron
Supported by Britain, France, and Russia

The European powers gave the Greeks a German king

Question 4

July Revolution?

Answer 4

Charles 10 believed in absolutism

Liberals and radicals revolted and wrested control of Paris and Charles 10 abdicated and fled

Question 5

what did Louis 18 do?

Answer 5

Issued the Charter of French Liberties which:
Created a two-house legislature
Limited freedom of press
King still held most power

Question 6

what did Charles 10 do?

Answer 6

Suspended the legislature
Limited the right to vote
Restricted the press
believed in absolutism

Question 7

who was Louis Philippe and what did he do?

Answer 7

moderate liberals wanted a constitutional monarchy and chose him
“citizen king”
favored middle class at expense of workers

Question 8

french timeline

Answer 8

Louis 18
Charles 10
July Revolution
Louis Philippe (citizen king)
feb days
june days
constitution for second republic
louis napoleon (new napoleon)

Question 9

Belgium seeks independence

Answer 9

wins independence

Congress of Vienna united present-day Belgium and Holland under Dutch king, which lead to rifts due to nationalism
Different languages
Belgians: Catholic; Dutch: Protestant
Belgians: manufacturing; Dutch: trade

Students in Brussels revolted and Belgium became an independent country from Holland
Britain and France gave support

Question 10

Poland seeks independence

Answer 10

Russia, Prussia, and Austria divvied up Poland, with Russia getting biggest piece

Polish ppl tried to revolt but had no support and were crushed

Question 11

what happened in the “feb days”

Answer 11

A recession and conflicted political ideologies led to turmoil
Gov tried to silence critics leading to chaos during the “Feb Days”
Men and women sang “La Marseillaise”
Louis Philippe abdicated
A group of socialists, liberals, and radicals declared the Second Republic, but they were all divided

Question 12

what is “la marseillaise”

Answer 12

revolutionary song sung in the feb days

Question 13

what happened in the “june days”

Answer 13

Upper- and middle-class interests prevailed in government and they shut down national workshops
French workers protested, leading to the bloody “June Days”

Question 14

what did the new constitution for the second republic declare?

Answer 14

Created a strong president
One-house legislature
Suffrage to all adult men

Question 15

Louis Napoleon?

Answer 15

“new napoleon”
won the election
made himself the emperor w the approval of ppl
at first, it was prosperous
later he went on foreign adventures that would bring down his empire

Question 16

changes in austria?

Answer 16

Vienna
Metternich censored press, but university students smuggled in books
Workers and students banded together and revolted in
Metternich resigned and fled in disguise

Budapest
Louis Kossuth demanded independent gov, end to serfdom, and written constitution

Prague
Demanded independent gov, end to serfdom, and written constitution

Austrian troops regained control

Question 17

revolts in italy

Answer 17

Italian nationalists wanted to end Hapsburg dominance and set up constitutional government
They set up independent republics
Expelled the pope

France restored the pope and local rulers canceled the reforms

Question 18

revolts in german states

Answer 18

University students and workers demanded national unity and reforms

In Prussia, the king was forced to sign a constitution by an elected assembly, but later he dissolved the assembly

Delegates met at Frankfurt Assembly
Divisions over republic vs. monarchy and whether Austria should be included

Rebellion failed bc
Rulers used military force
Revolutionaries didn’t have mass support
Their constitutions were withdrawn or replaced

Question 19

social structures in latin america

Answer 19

Peninsulares [born in Spain/Portugal]
Creoles [European-descended]
Mulattoes [African and European descent]
Mestizos [Native American and European descent]
Slaves
Native Americans

Question 20

Haiti seeks independence

Answer 20

Toussaint L’Ouverture leads an army of former slaves and ends slavery there

napoleon tried to reconquer haiti

france agrees to truce but captures l’ouverture and he dies in prison

Question 21

Mexico seeks independence

Answer 21

Father Hidalgo
“el Grito de Dolores” –> call to fight
wanted to improve Native American lives
captured and executed

Jose Morelos
led rebels until he was captured

Agustin de Iturbide
liberals forced the spanish king to issue a constitution
iturbide worried reforms would be enforced on colonies, so he helped fight
they won
iturbide declared himself emperor but then republic of mexico bc he was toppled

Question 21

Brazil seeks independence

Answer 21

Portuguese royal family fled to Brazil when Napoleon overthrew them

When they returned to Portugal, Dom Pedro was ordered to stay behind and rule Brazil

Dom Pedro refused and became emperor of independent Brazil by accepting a constitution

Much later, Brazil became a republic

Question 22

United Provinces of Centrals Central America

Answer 22

Guatemala
Nicaragua
Honduras
El Salvador
Costa Rica

split up

Question 23

Gran Colombia

Answer 23

Bolivar tried to unite the lands he liberated

Colombia
Panama
Venezuela
Ecuador

split up

Question 24

Lands that San Martin liberated

Answer 24

Argentina

Question 25

San Martin + Bolivar liberated

Answer 25

Peru
Chile