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World History > Chapter 17/18 > Flashcards

Chapter 17/18 Flashcards

1
Q

war in sri lanka

A

Sinhalese Buddhists are majority; led to civil war
made Sinhalese the only language and ended official use of Tamil
Gov support for Buddhism
Excluded Hindu Tamils from power
Ceasefire when gov agreed to negotiate separate Tamil gov

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2
Q

tensions in canada

A

Canada has English majority, so ppl of Quebec felt gov was unfair to them
Some wanted Quebec to be separate gov
Others tried to increase gov support for French
Quebec’s ppl voted to remain in Canada

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3
Q

tension in N. Ireland

A

Ireland won independence from Britain
Six N.ern counties w Protestant majority voted to remain in Britain as N.ern Ireland
Minority Catholics in N.ern Ireland faced discrimination
IRA vs. Protestant militia
Good Friday Agreement, but peace was threatened multiple times after

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4
Q

IRA

A

Irish Republican Army

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5
Q

Good Friday Agreement

A

N. Ireland
Protestants and Catholics signed a peace accord

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6
Q

tensions in Azerbaijan

A

Ethnic Armenians declared independence for region of Nagorno-Karabakh

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7
Q

Chechnya

A

Muslim Chechens wanted independence from Russian control
Russians brutally crushed Chechen revolt
A peace treaty failed, motivating Chechen separatists to take their battle to other parts of Russia
Russians captured Grozny, capital of Chechnya
Some Chechen rebels turned to terrorist attacks

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8
Q

tensions in Yugoslavia

A

Slovenia, Croatia, Serbia, Bosnia Herzegovina, Montenegro, and Macedonia
Serbs dominated
Slovenia, Croatia, Macedonia, Bosnia declared independence
Croatian independence led to fighting
renamed to Serbia and Montenegro

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9
Q

Bosnia

A
  • When Bosnia declared independence, Bosnian Serbs tried to set up their own Yugoslavia-backed gov in Bosnia
  • Serbs launched ethnic cleansing campaign against Bosniaks and Croat
  • To fight back, Croats did ethnic cleansing against Serbs in Croatia
  • NATO air strikes against Bosnian Serb military forced them to sign the Dayton Accords
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10
Q

tensions in Kosovo

A

Slobodan Milosevic [Serbian president] oppressed Kosovar Albanians
Peaceful protests + guerilla tactics were used by Albanians
Yugoslav forces attempted ethnic cleansing of Albanians
NATO air strikes forced Yugoslavia to withdraw + placed Albania under UN control

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11
Q

ANC

A

African National Congress

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12
Q

Sharpesville massacre + effects

A

police shot and killed ANC peaceful demonstrators

Gov outlawed ANC and cracked down on apartheid opposition
Pushed ANC to shift from nonviolent struggle to armed struggle

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13
Q

Desmond Tutu

A

won Nobel Peace prize for nonviolent opposition

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14
Q

Which S. African president ended Apartheid and freed Mandela?

A

F. W. de Klerk

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15
Q

Hutu vs. Tutsi

A

the major ethnic groups in Rwanda and Burundi
Same language, different traditions
Tutsis were the minority, but they dominated gov

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16
Q

tensions in Rwanda

A

Extremist Hutus urged civilians to kill Tutsis + moderate Hutus
France sent in troops after several months of death
UN assisted Rwanda’s rebuilding efforts + held trial for genocide

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17
Q

tensions in Burundi

A

Civil war between Hutus and Tutsis, but no genocide
Lasted longer than Rwanda

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18
Q

tensions in Sudan

A

Arab Muslim north gov vs non-Arab, non-Muslim south
Gov discriminated against other ethnic groups; imposed Islamic law even in non-Muslim areas
Led to civil war
Peace agreement was signed so rebels would stop fighting and S. would get limited self-gov, power in national gov, freedom from Islamic law
Arab militias backed by gov attacked ppl of Darfur [W.ern part of Sudan]
Raised fears of genocide
UN organized effort to aid refugees

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19
Q

results of Israel and Egypt peace accord

A

Israel returned Sinai Peninsula to Egypt

20
Q

Oslo Accord

A

Arafat (Palestine) and Yitzhak Rabin (Israel) signed
Israel gave Palestine W. Bank and Gaza
PLO recognized Israel and pledged to stop terrorism against Israel

21
Q

tensions in Lebanon

A

Arab Christians, Sunnis, Shiites, and Druze [related to Islam] were prominent ethnic groups
After Muslim Palestinian refugees entered Lebanon, changing the religious balance and Muslims demanded more power
Christian and Muslim militias launched civil war
Israel invaded S. to stop cross-border attacks
Syria occupied E. to secure borders

22
Q

Iran-Iraq War

A

Saddam Hussein became dictator of Iraq
After Iran’s Islamic revolution, Hussein took advantage of political turmoil and seized disputed border region, triggering war
Iran opposed the US, so Iraq won US support
Some charged Hussein w genocide against the Kurds

23
Q

Gulf War

A

Iraq invaded Kuwait for oil control and access to the Persian Gulf
US saw this as a threat to the oil resources of the Persian Gulf
George H. W. Bush launched Gulf War
Bush formed coalition of W.ern and ME.ern nations under UN banner to drive out Iraq
Liberated Kuwait

24
Q

Deng Xiaoping

A

more interested in economic improvement than political purity (“don’t care about cat” dude)
Four Modernizations led to economic boom

25
Q

Four Modernizations

A

agriculture, industry, science, defense
allowed some features of free market
“Responsibility system” [peasants were given plots of farmland; gov took a share, but farmers could sell surplus and keep profits]
Led to economic boom

26
Q

problems caused by economic growth in China

A

Some state-run industries were unprofitable, so some were sold off, but others were kept bc fear of unemployment
Rapid urbanization led to impoverished urban dwellers
Corruption in gov
Health problems

27
Q

Green Revolution

A

India (Nehru)
Only farmers w enough land + money could afford these things
Most farmers relied on traditional methods and barely produced enough to survive

28
Q

Mother Teresa

A

founded Missionaries of Charity in Calcutta to provide food + medical care
needed bc the rapid movement to cities caused overcrowded cities that couldn’t provide for everyone

29
Q

Import substitution

A

manufacturing goods locally

30
Q

why was import substitution used and why was this practice discontinued?

A

In Latin America, they often produced single cash crop or commodity to earn money for imports
so import substitution to reduce dependency on imports

Many new industries needed gov or foreign help
Gradually gave up on import substitution bc high cost

31
Q

Agribusinesses

A

giant commercial farm
Latin America

32
Q

Liberation theology

A

church-affiliated ppl crusaded for social justice
Evangelical Protestant groups won converts among the poor in Latin America

33
Q

OAS

A

Organization of American States
group formed to promote democracy, economic cooperation, and human rights in the Americas

34
Q

Why were conservative dictators in L. America often supported by US

A

Conservatives often saw reforms as communist threat, so they were supported by US

35
Q

What are the two main motivators for US intervention in Latin America?

A

Cold War stuff
drugs

36
Q

what country did US invade and arrest the president of and why?

A

US invaded Panama and arrested Manuel Noriega [Panama president] for drug trafficking

37
Q

tensions in Guatemala

A

Rebels in Guatemala fought series of military regimes
Military especially targeted the indigenous population

38
Q

tensions in El Salvador

A

Reformers challenged El Salvador’s landowning and military elite
Archbishop Oscar Romero preached liberation theology until he was killed
Brutal civil war until UN-brokered peace + outside aid

39
Q

PRI

A

Mexico
Institutional Revolutionary Party
has dominated the gov
Claimed to represent all groups, however they crush opposition
Made some reforms under pressure after corruption, drug scandals, and internal splits

40
Q

Vincente Fox

A

Mexico
after PRI
Vincente Fox was elected
He worked to end corruption, reduce poverty, spur economic growth, protect the rights of indigenous ppl

41
Q

Argentina timeline

A

Initially most prosperous Latin American country, but Great Depression led to political and economic turmoil
Juan Peron
military rule after Juan’s death
Mothers of the Plaza de Mayo
military to restore elections
Financial crisis devastated economy, but democracy survived and economy recovered

42
Q

Why did the military restore elections in Argentina?

A

Failed policies + lost war w Britain over the Falkland Islands forced military to restore elections

43
Q

Mothers of the Plaza de Mayo

A

Argentina
Military tortured, kidnapped, and killed its own ppl
women who marched silently holding pictures of their missing kids at the Plaza de Mayo in the capital

44
Q

Juan Peron

A

Helped laborers, but suppressed opposition and led to economic turmoil
Was ousted in a military coup
Military was in and out of power until Peron was re-elected

45
Q

President who launched Gulf War?

A

George H. W. Bush

World History (15 decks)

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