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World History > Chapter 15 > Flashcards

Chapter 15 Flashcards

1
Q

SALT?

A

Strategic Arms Limitation Talks

agreement between US and USSR to limit the number of nuclear weapons held by each side

one agreement limited ABMS (anti-ballistic missiles)

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2
Q

why were ABMS (anti-ballistic missiles) a particular threat

A

They were a particular threat bc giving one side some protection against the other, encourages the protected side to attack

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3
Q

what is “Star Wars” and who launched it?

A

missile defense against nuclear attack
launched by Reagan

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4
Q

START

A

Strategic Arms Reduction Treaty
between US and USSR

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5
Q

detente

A

relaxation of tensions
US wanted to restrain USSR thru diplomacy vs. military
Détente ended when USSR invaded Afghanistan

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6
Q

arms race timeline

A

SALT
detente
Star Wars
START

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7
Q

Cuba timeline

A

Fidel Castro
Bay of Pigs Invasion
Cuban missile crisis
JFK imposed naval blockade to prevent USSR shipments
agreement reached

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8
Q

Fidel Castro?

A

organized Cuban Revolution vs. dictator

won and transformed the country:
- Sought help from USSR
- Nationalized businesses and gov-controlled the land
- Restricted political freedom

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9
Q

Bay of Pigs Invasion

A

launched by JFK
- He wanted to bring down next door communist regime
- Castro’s forces captured the invaders
- US imposed a trade embargo on Cuba

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10
Q

Khrushchev

A

after Stalin

  • He publicly denounced Stalin
  • Maintained Communist Party’s control
  • Closed prison camps and eased censorship
  • Wanted “peaceful coexistence” w West
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11
Q

Brezhnev

A

after Khruschev

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12
Q

Sakharov

A

Soviet scientist who spoke out for civil liberties under Brezhnev silenced him

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13
Q

Solzhenitsyn

A

Soviet soldier in WWII wrote to a friend criticizing USSR and was sentenced to prison camp
Released under Krushchev and took up writing, but his books were banned

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14
Q

HUAC

A

House Un-American Activities Committee

  • tried to weed out communist sympathizers
  • Made up of members from the House of Reps
  • Sought to expose communist sympathizers in Hollywood in particular
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15
Q

Where was Sunbelt and why is it important?

A

S. and SW. of US

a lot of suburbanization during this era, but particularly to this area bc:
- More jobs than in industrialized north
- Warmer climate
- AC was available and irrigation in states like AZ

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16
Q

How did oil cause a recession?

A

Political crisis in Middle East led to decreased oil exports, causing oil prices to soar worldwide
Higher prices for oil left businesses and consumers w less to spend on other products
Caused a serious recession & series of recessions and yrs of renewed prosperity
Americans became aware of their dependence on imported oil and global economic forces

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17
Q

Brown v. Board of Education of Topeka

A

US Supreme Court ruling declared segregated schools as unconstitutional

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18
Q

US gov role in econ under diff. presidents?

A

JFK and Johnson:
- expanded social programs

Reagan:
- cut back taxes
- ended some social programs
- reduced gov regulation of the economy
- increased military spending
- Increased military spending + tax cuts = increase in national budget deficit

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19
Q

Why W. Germany have econ boom?

A

Marshall Plan + other programs helped

Konrad Adenaur [W. Germany’s chancellor] guided the rebuilding
Since old factories had been destroyed, Germany built highly productive industrial base

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20
Q

How did WWII affect European colonial empires?

A

they had to give in to demands for independence bc they couldn’t afford the colonies

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21
Q

Welfare State

A

country with a market economy, but with increased gov responsibility for the social and economic needs of its ppl
brought high taxes and greater gov regulation of private enterprise
Conservatives, who favored free markets and limited role of gov, condemned this

22
Q

Result of European welfare states?

A
  • British voters turned to Conservative Party, which denounced welfare state as costly and inefficient
  • Conservatives were led by Margaret Thatcher
  • Thatcher’s gov reduced social welfare programs and returned gov owned industries to private control

Other European countries moved to limit social welfare and to privatize gov-owned businesses due to high costs

23
Q

European Coal and Steel Community

A
  • free trade in coal and steel among member states
  • W. Germany, Netherlands, Belgium, Luxembourg, France, and Italy
  • Spurred economic growth across W. Europe and led to further regional cooperation
24
Q

European Community

A
  • free trade among member nations for all products
  • Made of same nations as European Coal and Steel Community
  • Later expanded to include Britain + other European countries
25
Q

Japan after WWII

A

Gen. MacArthur + new constitution
US occupation ends, but close ties
LDP dominated gov
economic boom

26
Q

US-Japan ties after WWII

A

US military forces maintained bases in Japan and protected Japan w nuclear weapons

27
Q

LDP

A

Liberal Democratic Party
coalition of factions that compete for gov positions in Japan

28
Q

why did Japan experience econ boom?

A
  • Japan became a successful exporter and placed tariffs on imports, resulting in a trade surplus
  • US pushed Japan to open more imports, but still trade surplus
  • Japan had to rebuild from scratch, so they built more modern and efficient factories that outproduced those in the West
  • Bc of US military protection, Japan spent less on military and invested more in economy
29
Q

Why did communists win in China?

A

Mao won support of peasants, while Nationalists lost popularity w them
- Communists redistributed land and ended oppression by landlords
- Nationalist policies led to economic hardship

  • Many ppl resented corruption in Nationalist gov and gov reliance on support from W.ern imperialist powers - hoped Communists would end foreign domination
30
Q

Great Leap Forward and why did it fail?

A

urged ppl to increase farm and industrial output in China

backyard industries turned out useless goods
Commune system cut food output by removing motivation for farmers and families
Bad weather

31
Q

Cultural Revolution in China?

A
  • goal was to purge China of bourgeois tendencies
  • Mao urged youth to experience revolution firsthand
  • Teens formed bands of Red Guards
  • Followed teachings in little red book [Quotations from Chairman Mao Zedong]
  • Attacked those they considered bourgeois
  • Caused economy to slow and civil war to loom, so Mao had to restore order with the army
32
Q

Why did US recognize communist party of China?

A

initially, US supported Nationalist’s gov and refused communist gov
US wanted to isolate USSR between NATO and hostile China by supporting communist party’s claim to power

33
Q

Korea War

A
  • After WWII, USSR and US split Korea temporarily along the 38th parallel
  • USSR backed communist dictator Kim Il Sung
  • US backed noncommunist dictator Syngman Rhee
  • N. overran S., so UN sent help
  • UN stopped N. advance at Pusan Perimeter
  • UN caused N. surrender and pushed them back up to Yalu River
  • Mao sent Chinese troops to help N. and pushed S. back to ~38th parallel
  • Both sides signed an armistice and nearly two million N. and S. Korean troops remained on either side of the demilitarized zone
34
Q

Similarities between the Germanys and the Koreas

A

Capitalist market economy vs. communist command economy
- Capitalist portion had economic boom + rising standards of living
- Communist portion had economic stagnation and decline

US gave economic + military support to S. and USSR backed N.

35
Q

Differences between the Germanys and the Koreas

A

S. was governed by a series of dictators and military rulers
N. had a single dictator thruout the Cold War

36
Q

Why did N. Korea not recover?

A

Kim’s emphasis on self-reliance kept N. Korea isolated and poor
N. Korea stuck to hard-line communism, unlike USSR and China

Gov built a personality cult around Kim

37
Q

First Indochina War

A
  • France wanted to take Vietnam back after WWII
  • Ho Chi Minh led other guerillas to fight back
  • French loss at battle of Dienbienphu convinced French to leave Vietnam
38
Q

Vietnam Divide + pros and cons

A

Ho Chi Minh ruled communist N. (USSR support)
Ngo Dinh Diem ruled noncommunist S. (US support)

Why support Ho Chi Minh
- National hero
- S. Vietnamese gov was backed by foreign gov
- Ngo was a dictator + brutal tactics against opponents

Why support Ngo Dinh Diem
- Ho’s communist rule alienated some Vietnamese

39
Q

Domino theory

A

the view that communist victory in S. Vietnam would noncommunist govs in Indochina to fall to communism

40
Q

Gulf of Tonkin Resolution and why was it passed?

A

authorized the President to do wtvr to prevent further aggression in Indochina

  • S. Vietnam conducted raids on N. Vietnam in Gulf of Tonkin
  • N. Vietnam attacked Maddox [US Navy destroyer] bc they mistakenly thought the ship had helped with the raids
  • Sailors on Maddox falsely thought they’d been attacked again
  • Johnson reported the attacks w/out S. Vietnam raids and doubts about the second attack
41
Q

The Tet Offensive?

A

Guerilla forces came out and suddenly attacked on Tet, the Vietnamese New Year
Communists lost many troops and couldn’t hold any cities against US
Marked a turning point in public opinion in the US

42
Q

Paris Peace Accord in 1973 and which US president negotiated it?

A

US agreed to withdraw its troops from Vietnam
N. Vietnam agreed not to send more troops into the S.

Nixon

43
Q

Why was recovery in Vietnam slow?

A

Lack of resources
US-led embargo

44
Q

Cambodian genocide

A

US bombed N. Vietnamese supply routes in Cambodia and briefly invaded Cambodia
Khmer Rouge [Cambodian communist guerillas] gained traction
Pol Pot [Khmer Rouge dictator] drove ppl from cities to work in the fields to destroy all W.ern influences
Vietnamese invasion drove back Khmer Rouge
Vietnam imposed an authoritarian gov in Cambodia

45
Q

why did USSR command economy stagnate?

A

Gov poured resources into science and technology
collectivization led to agricultural failure
Central economic planning led to inefficiency and waste as they didn’t know what the ppl needed

46
Q

Afghanistan timeline + impact on USSR

A

USSR-backed Afghan gov tried to modernize the nation
Afghan landlords + Muslim conservatives took arms against the gov and USSR troops came in
US gov started smuggling weapons to the mujahedin
Struggle in Afghanistan caused a morale crisis in USSR, like what Vietnam did to US

47
Q

Mikhail Gorbachev reforms

A

after Brezhnev

  • Signed arms control treaties w US
  • Pulled out of Afghanistan
  • Called for glasnos
  • Called for perestroika
48
Q

glasnost

A

openness
ended censorship and encouraged ppl to discuss USSR problems openly

49
Q

perestroika

A

restructuring the gov and economy

Reduced size of bureaucracy
Supported limited private enterprise
Made factory managers instead of central planners responsible for economic decisions
Allowed farmers to sell produce on the free market

50
Q

Solidarity?

A

polish labor union
led by Lech Walesa
later, it was legalized and Walesa became president of poland

51
Q

why did Czechoslovakia split?

A

Czechs and Slovaks lived separately
Czechs dominated gov
When communists lost control, some Slovaks called for independence
peacefully separated into Czech Republic and Slovakia

52
Q

why econ boom in China?

A

Leaders of the Ppl’s Republic of China accelerated capitalist compromises outlined by Deng Xiaoping

World History (15 decks)

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