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World History > Chapter 10 > Flashcards

Chapter 10 Flashcards

1
Q

What caused discontent in Tokugawa Japan?

A

Japan was closed to foreigners and Japanese ppl were forbidden to travel overseas, so internal commerce grew

Many daimyo suffered financial hardships bc their wealth came from land, not cash, which was needed in commercial economy
Lesser samurai also lacked money
Merchants resented their place at the bottom of the social hierarchy despite how rich they were
Peasants suffered under heavy taxes

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2
Q

Commodore Matthew Perry?

A

demanded that Japan open its ports to diplomatic and commercial exchange

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3
Q

Treaty of Kanagawa?

A

response to Commodore Matthew Perry’s demand to open up Japan
shogun Iseada agreed to open two ports to American ships, not for trade
US soon won trading rights, extraterritoriality, low taxes on American imports
European nations later demanded similar rights

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4
Q

Mutsuhito?

A

15-yr-old emperor that began the Meiji Restoration
Moved old imperial capital in Kyoto to Edo, which he renamed Tokyo [“eastern capital”]

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5
Q

Meiji Restoration?

A

Some criticized the shogun for not taking a strong stand against foreigners
Daimyo and samurai led a revolt that “restored” emperor Mutsuhito

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6
Q

Meiji Restoration

A

Meiji reformers’ motto: “a rich country, a strong military”
Set out to study Western ways and adapt them

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7
Q

Meiji Restoration

A

Meiji reformers’ motto: “a rich country, a strong military”
Set out to study Western ways and adapt them to Japanese culture

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8
Q

Meiji constitution

A

modeled gov after Germany

Set forth principle that all citizens were equal before the law
Gave the emperor autocratic power
created the Diet
Voting rights were limited

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9
Q

Diet?

A

legislature created by the Meiji constitution
consisted of one elected house and one house appointed by the emperor

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10
Q

zaibatsu

A

powerful banking and industrial families
Japanese gov typically built factories and sold them to zaibatsus who further developed them
ie. Kawasaki family

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11
Q

Factors that led to Japan’s success?

A
  • homogeneous society
  • Economic growth during Tokugawa times
  • Japan could learn from other nations
  • determined to resist foreign rule
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12
Q

Japan timeline

A

Tokugawa Japan
Commodore Matthew Perry
Treaty of Kanagawa
Emperor Mutsuhito
Meiji Restoration
Meiji constitution
industrialization

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13
Q

Korea timeline

A

tributary state to China
First Sino-Japanese War
Russo-Japanese War
Treaty of Portsmouth
Japanese protectorate
Japan annexed Korea (35 yrs)
March First Movement
independence

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14
Q

First Sino-Japanese War

A

Caused by competition between Japan and China in Korea
China had greater resources; Japan had modernization
Japan won
gained treaty ports and Taiwan

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15
Q

Russo-Japanese War

A

Caused by competition between Japan and Russia for Korea and Manchuria

For first time in modern history, Asian power defeated European power
Treaty of Portsmouth

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16
Q

Treaty of Portsmouth?

A

Japan gained Korea and rights in parts of Manchuria
after Russo-Japanese War

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17
Q

The March First Movement

A

nonviolent protest against the Japanese
was quelled
remained a rallying symbol for Korean nationalists

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18
Q

colonization of Dutch East Indies (Indonesia)

A

Dutch East India Company established bases on the island of Java and in the Moluccas [Spice Islands]
Slowly grew to dominate rest of Dutch East Indies

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19
Q

colonization of Burma [Myanmar] and Malaya

A

rulers of Burma clashed with the British, who were expanding eastwards from India
Burmese suffered defeats and were annexed, but still resisted British rule

The British expanded their influence in Malaya
Singapore grew at the southern tip of the peninsula, enriching Britain

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20
Q

colonization of French Indochina (Vietnam, Laos, Cambodia)

A

Portuguese traders set up trading center in present-day Vietnam
Christian missionaries moved into Vietnam
Vietnamese officials tried to suppress Christianity by killing converts and missionaries
French invaded in response to treatment of Christianity and bc they wanted more influence in Southeast Asia markets

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21
Q

Kingdom of Siam [Thailand] timeline

A

Mongkut [king of Siam] studied Western stuff:
Used this knowledge to negotiate with Western powers and satisfy their goals in Siam thru agreements in unequal treaties
As a result, Siam escaped becoming a European colony

Mongkut and Chulalongkorn [Mongkut’s son] set Siam on road of modernization

Chulalongkorn bargained to remove unequal treaties

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22
Q

Philippines timeline

A

Spain
Suez Canal
Jose Rizal
Spanish-American War
Emilio Aguinaldo
promise of gradual transition to self-rule

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23
Q

Samoa timeline

A

US secured unequal treaty from Samoa:
Gained extraterritoriality and a naval station

US, Germany, and Britain agreed to a triple protectorate over Samoa

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24
Q

Hawaii timeline

A

American sugar growers were interested in Hawaii
Hawaiian queen Liliuokalani tried to reduce foreign influence, but American planters overthrew her
American planters asked US to annex Hawaii, which it did
Supporters of annexation argued that Britain or Japan would annex Hawaii instead

25
Q

Canada timeline

A

Constitutional Act of 1791
William Lyon Mackenzie
Louis Joseph Papineau
Lord Durham
Act of Union
John Macdonald and George Etienne Cartier
British North America Act of 1867
Canadian Pacific Railway
Louis Riel

26
Q

Constitutional Act of 1791

A

Created English-speaking Upper Canada (now Ontario) and French-speaking Lower Canada (now Quebec)
Upper Canada → guided by English laws and traditions
Lower Canada → French traditions and Catholic Church

27
Q

Louis Joseph Papineau

A

Ppl of Upper and Lower Canada despised the power held by small group of elites

led rebellion in Lower Canada
head of French Canadian Reform party

28
Q

William Lyon Mackenzie

A

Ppl of Upper and Lower Canada despised the power held by small group of elites

led rebellion in Upper Canada
“Put down the villains who oppress and enslave our country”

29
Q

Lord Durham

A

Britain sent Lord Durham to report on the causes of unrest in Lower and Upper Canada

30
Q

Act of Union

A

Joined the two Canadas into one province
Gave them an elected legislature to determine some domestic policies
Britain would still control foreign policy and trade

31
Q

John Macdonald and George Etienne Cartier

A

urged confederation [unification] of Britain’s North American colonies
felt this would strengthen Canada against American ambitions and help economic development

32
Q

British North America Act of 1867

A

Created the the Dominion of Canada
Canada had its own Parliament, modeled after Britain
By 1900s, Canada had some control over foreign policy, but kept close ties to Britain

33
Q

Canadian Pacific Railway

A

linking eastern and western Canada

34
Q

Louis Riel

A

led two uprisings of the métis [ppl of mixed Native American and French Canadian descent
Many metis were French-speaking Catholics who believed the government was trying to take their land and destroy their language and religion
Government quelled both uprisings

35
Q

Australia timeline

A

Aborigines
A Penal Colony
free citizens were encouraged to migrate bc of free land and tools
prosperous wool industry bc good conditions for sheepherding
gold rush
Commonwealth of Australia
granted women’s rights earlier than US or Britain
first nation to introduce secret ballot

36
Q

Why was Australia made into a penal colony?

A

Britain had sent convicts to North American colonies earlier, but American Revolution closed that option
prisons in England were full

37
Q

Why did Britain establish the Commonwealth of Australia

A

Britain was worried about interference from other European powers
New country kept its ties to Britain by recognizing British monarch as head of state

38
Q

New Zealand timeline

A

Maori tried to fight back
settlers introduced sheep and cattle
they started exporting wool, mutton, and beef
Won their own parliament, prime minister, and elected legislature
Preserved close ties to Britain

39
Q

Did Latin America improve after independence?

A

No

Creoles replaced peninsulares as ruling class
The Roman Catholic Church kept its privileged position and land
New constitutions guaranteed equality before the law, but deep-rooted inequalities remained

40
Q

regionalism and its impact on Latin American nations?

A

loyalty to a local area
weakened the new nations

41
Q

Caudillos and their impact on Latin America?

A

local strongmen
assembled private armies to resist central government
Popular caudillos often gained national power and ruled as dictators
Power struggles let to frequent revolts that changed little

42
Q

Mexico timeline

A

Santa Anna
annexation of Texas
war
Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo
Benito Juarez
La Reforma
Napoleon III and Maximilian
General Porfirio Diaz

43
Q

How did the Suez Canal impact the Philippines?

A

improved Philippines’ economy bc trade with European countries was easier
Some upper class Filipinos gained better access to education

44
Q

Jose Rizal

A

inspired Filipinos to work to gain better treatment from Spain

45
Q

How did the Spanish-American war impact the Philippines?

A

American naval officers encouraged Filipino rebel leaders to declare independence from Spain
Philippines later joined US war effort
expected independence but US gave Spain $20 million to control Philippines

46
Q

Emilio Aguinaldo what did he do?

A

led a Filipino rebellion against the US
was quelled

47
Q

Santa Anna

A

caudillo
posed as liberal reformer, then reversed his stand
after brief struggle, Texas gained independence
after Texas was annexed by US, war was declared

48
Q

Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo

A

Mexico lost almost half its territory to US

49
Q

Benito Juarez

A

liberal reformer
started La Reforma

Juarez’s opponents turned to Europe to get rid of him:
Napoleon III sent troops to Mexico and set up Austrian archduke Maximilian as emperor
Later, Maximilian was caught and shot

Juarez returned to office but was unable to renew his reforms

50
Q

La Reforma

A

new era of reform

revised the Mexican constitution
ended Church’s special privileges
stripped military of power
brought mestizos into politics

51
Q

General Porfirio Diaz

A

staged military coup after Juarez’s death and ruled as a dictator
He strengthened army, local police, and central government

Made economic advances at high cost:
Capital for development came from foreign investors who were granted special privileges
He let wealthy landowners buy up Native American lands
Rich prospered, but poor stayed poor

Many native americans and mestizos fell into peonage

52
Q

peonage

A

hacienda owners would give workers advances on their wages and require them to stay on the hacienda until they had paid back they owed

53
Q

Explain Latin American economic dependence

A

Britain and US were chief trade partners
foreign goods Latin America, creating profits for foreigners and a few local business ppl
With foreign capital, some Latin American economies grew
Tiny elite benefited from economic growth, but very little trickled down to the ppl at the bottom
Poor earned too little to buy consumer goods, so many industries failed
Foreign investment led to local interference as investors would pressure their own govs to take action if politics or reform movements threatened their own interests

54
Q

what was the Monroe Doctrine and why was it issued?

A

declared that the American continents should no longer be considered to be up for colonization

Spain plotted to recover its American colonies, clashing with British economic interests
British leaders asked Monroe to join them in a statement opposing new colonization of the Americas
Acting alone, Monroe issued the Monroe Doctrine
Britain’s strong navy backed this up

54
Q

Roosevelt Corollary to the Monroe Doctrine

A

self-issued
Gave the US international police power in the Western Hemisphere
US sent troops all over Latin America to protect their economic investments
ie. When Dominican Republic didn’t pay its foreign debts, US sent in troops

55
Q

Cuba and the US

A
  • Cuba wanted independence from Spain
  • US joined, leading to Spanish-American War
  • Cuba won independence
  • US forced Platt Amendment

Cuban patriots had spent years trying to gain independence from Spain
US decided to join their cause, leading to Spanish-American War, which they won
Cuba was granted independence, but US forced Cubans to add the Platt Amendment to their constitution, which gave US naval bases in Cuba and the right to intervene in Cuban affairs

56
Q

Panama and the US

A

US wanted to build a canal across Central America, and Panama was a proposed site, but Panama belonged to Colombia
US backed a revolt by Panamanians against Colombia
They won and US got control of the land to build the canal
Panama didn’t gain complete control of the canal until 2000

57
Q

to ppl in Latin America, the canal was an example of?

A

“Yankee imperialism”

World History (15 decks)

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