Obstructive Sleep apnoea Flashcards
What causes obstructive sleep apnoea?
Collapse of the pharyngeal airway
What is obstructive sleep apnoea characterised by?
Episodes of apnoea during sleep, where the person stops breathing periodically for up to a few minutes.
Does the patient tend to be aware of their sleep apnoea?
No, patients partners usually notice
What are the main risk factors associated with obstructive sleep apnoea?
- Middle age
- Male
- Obesity
- Alcohol
- Smoking
What connective tissue disease is associated with obstructive sleep apnoea?
Marfan’s syndrome
How can obstructive sleep apnoea present?
- Episodes of apnoea during sleep
- Snoring
- Morning headache
- Waking up unrefreshed from sleep
- Daytime sleepiness
- Concentration problems
What are possible consequences of obstructive sleep apnoea?
- daytime somnolence
- compensated respiratory acidosis
- hypertension
What is used for the assessment of sleepiness in someone with obstructive sleep apnoea?
- Epworth Sleepiness Scale (main)
- Multiple Sleep Latency Test (MSLT)
What is the Epworth sleepiness scale?
Questionnaire completed by patient and or partner
What does the Multiple Sleep Latency Test (MSLT) measure?
Measures the time to fall asleep in a dark room (using EEG criteria)
What is the main diagnostic test for obstructive sleep apnoea?
Sleep studies (polysomnography)
What is measured with a polysomnography?
A wide variety of physiological factors are measured including EEG, respiratory airflow, thoraco-abdominal movement, snoring and pulse oximetry
What is the initial management for obstructive sleep apnoea?
Reversible risk factors:
-weight loss
-stop drinking
-stop smoking
What is the initial management for obstructive sleep apnoea?
Reversible risk factors:
-weight loss
-stop drinking
-stop smoking
What is the initial management for obstructive sleep apnoea?
Reversible risk factors:
-weight loss
-stop drinking
-stop smoking
