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Respiratory > Sarcoidosis > Flashcards

Sarcoidosis Flashcards

1
Q

What is sarcoidosis?

A

Multi-system disease characterised by granuloma formation, resulting in widespread inflammatory changes and complications.

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2
Q

What is sarcoidosis characterisd by?

A

Granuloma formation resulting in widespread inflammation

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3
Q

In who is sarcoidosis more common in?

A

Young adults and in people of African descent

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4
Q

What can the features of sarcoidosis be divided into?

A

Acute and Chronic

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5
Q

What are the acute features of sarcoidosis?

A

Fever
Polyarthralgia
Erythema nodosum
Bilateral hilar lymphadenopath

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6
Q

What syndrome encapsultes the acute features of sarcoidosis?

A

Löfgren syndrome

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7
Q

What type of prognosis does Löfgren syndrome have?

A

V good prognosis

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8
Q

What are the more insidious features of sarcoidosis?

A

Dyspnoea
Non-productive cough
Malaise
Weight loss

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9
Q

What skin changes might occur in someone with sarcoidosis?

A

Erythema nodosum
Lupus pernio.

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10
Q

What metabolic disturbance can occur in someone with sarcoidosis?

A

Hypercalcaemia

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11
Q

How does hypercalcaemia occur in someone with sarcoidosis?

A

Macrophages inside the granulomas cause an increased conversion of vitamin D to its active form (1,25-dihydroxycholecalciferol)

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12
Q

What syndrome can occur secondary to sarcoidosis?

A

Heerfordt’s syndrome

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13
Q

What is Heerfordt’s syndrome?

A

Parotid enlargement
Fever
Uveitis secondary to sarcoidosis

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14
Q

How is sarcoidosis usually diagnosed?

A

Tissue biopsy

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15
Q

What would a tissue biopsy of someone with sarcoidosis show?

A

Non-caseating granulomas

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16
Q

What else can be used in the diagnosis of sarcoidosis?

A

Bloods
Chest x-ray or CT

17
Q

What might you find in the bloods of someone with sarcoidosis?

A

Raised ESR, ACE and calcium
Reduced lymphocytes.

18
Q

What would you see on a stage 1 chest x-ray of someone with sarcoidosis?

A

Bilateral Hilar lymphadenopathy

19
Q

What would you see on a stage 2 chest x-ray of someone with sarcoidosis?

A

BHL + interstitial infiltrates

20
Q

What would you see on a stage 3 chest x-ray of someone with sarcoidosis?

A

Diffuse interstitial infiltrates only

21
Q

What would you see on a stage 4 chest x-ray of someone with sarcoidosis?

A

Diffuse fibrosis

22
Q

What would you find on spirometry of someone with sarcoidosis?

A

Restrictive pattern

23
Q

What is the management of sarcoidosis?

A

Steroids

24
Q

What are possible indications for steroid therapy?

A

Patients with chest x-ray stage 2 or 3 disease who are symptomatic
Hypercalcaemia
Eye, heart or neuro involvement

25
Q

What factors might indicate a poor prognosis in someone with sarcoidosis?

A

Insidious onset
Symptoms > 6 months
absence of erythema nodosum
extrapulmonary manifestations: e.g. lupus pernio, splenomegaly
CXR: stage III-IV features
black people

Respiratory (47 decks)

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