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Anatomy > Lab Quiz 1 > Flashcards

Lab Quiz 1 Flashcards

1
Q

Epithelium is separated from underlying connective tissue by ____ ____

A

basement membrane

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2
Q

True or False: Epithelial cells are non-polar

A

False - they are polar

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3
Q

True or False: Basement membrane of epithelium separates it from and anchors it to underlying connective tissue

A

True

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4
Q

True or False: Epithelial cells are avascular

A

True

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5
Q

Where does the apical side of epithelium face? Basal domain?

A

Apical side face extracellular environment while basal domain is in tact with underlying connective tissue

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6
Q

What type of junctions are found at the APICAL surfaces of epithelial cells and are associated with the fusion of adjacent plasmalemmas?

A

Tight junctions (ZO)

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7
Q

What cell junction in epithelial cells has a small intercellular space and has a dark, thick plaque in the cytoplasm of each cell adjacent to junction?

A

Desmosome

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8
Q

Which type of epithelium consist of a single layer of cells? One example is the endothelium of arteries and veins.

A

Simple squamous epithelium

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9
Q

______ epithelium is formed by a single layer of cube shaped cells. Cells are as wide as they are tall. Nucleus is usually round and centrally located. This cell type is commonly found in ducts.

A

Simple cuboidal epithelium

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10
Q

_____ ____ epithelium is formed by a single layer of columnar cells. Cells are taller than they are wide. Large nuclei are usually oval and located near base of cell. May have brush or striated border on apical surface, which contain microvilli. These cells are found in intestinal mucosa.

A

Simple columnar epithelium

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11
Q

________ epithelium is a single layer of cells of different shapes. Nuclei appear at different levels, so epithelium appears layer when it is not. This type of epithelium is commonly associated with CILLIA forming a ciliated border on apical side. These cells are found in olfactory regions.

A

Pseudostratified columnar epithelium

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12
Q

_____ epithelium is stratified. It has umbrella cells on luminal surface. Surface cells have rounded appearance, appear bulging. Cells are binucleated. Basal cells contain stem cells.

A

Transitional Epithelium

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13
Q

Where are transitional epithelium (uroepithelilum) commonly found?

A

Bladder mucosa

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14
Q

Where is stratified squamous epithelium commonly found?

A

Oral cavity mucosa

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15
Q

______ epithelium has many layers. Basal cells are cuboidal but cells next to lumen are flat/squamous. Cells in intervening layers change shape (cuboidal to squamous). This type of epithelium can be non-keratinized (meaning: nuclei found in ALL cells layers) or keratinized (layer of dead cells on luminal surface)

A

Stratified squamous epithelium

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16
Q

What cell type is found in the surface layer of skin (aka: epithelium of epidermis)?

A

Stratified squamous epithelium - keratinized

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17
Q

What type of epithelium has a top layer on its luminal surface that is made of dead cells (top layer may appear shredded since this layer has no nuclei)

A

Stratified squamous epithelium keratinized

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18
Q

Stratified cuboidal epithelium is usually made up of only __ layers of cells. Cells in both layers are ___ in shape.

A

Two; cuboidal

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19
Q

Stratified columnar epithelium is made up of layers of cells, with the luminal (top) layer of cells ___ in shape

A

columnar

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20
Q

Which fibers are the most abundant in connective tissue? What are they made of?

A

Collagen Fibers
-Made of collagen type I

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21
Q

Elongated nuclei are associated with ___ fibers

A

collagen

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22
Q

Collagen bundles are __ organized

A

randomly

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23
Q

Elastic fibers usually appear as random ___ strands

A

single

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24
Q

Elastic fibers can also lie parallel in large numbers, forming an ___ or ____, as seen in walls of arteries

A

elastic sheet; elastic lamina

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25
Q

_____ , which are cells of the connective tissue, have an abundant and irregularly branched cytoplasm. They make collagen and are frequently found adjacent to collagen bundles.

A

Fibroblasts

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26
Q

____ are spherical or polyhedral in shape and have a thin rim of cytoplasm surrounding a large vacuole. The vacuole contains lipid droplet.

A

Adipose (fat cells)

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27
Q

What type of connective tissue is found UNDER epithelium (lamina propria), between muscle cells, and around blood vessels and nerves? Note: these cells have a lot of GROUND SUBSTANCE and fewer fibers.

A

Loose (areolar) CT

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28
Q

The most numerous cell in loose connective tissue are ___. Collagen is present but does not predominate.

A

fibroblasts

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29
Q

Dense Irregular Connective Tissue has the same components as Loose Connective Tissue, but there are fewer ____ and ___ fibers dominate.

A

cells (fibroblasts) collagen

note: collagen bundles arranged without definite orientation

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30
Q

What type of connective tissue is found in dermis?

A

Dense, irregular CT

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31
Q

What type of connective tissue is found in TENDONS and has collagen bundles arranged in PARALLEL with fibroblasts aligned in rows next to collagen bundles?

A

Dense Regular Connective Tissue

32
Q

_____ connective tissue is a specialized connective tissue predominantely made up adipose cells. The cells are separated by fine CT network containing blood vessels and reticular fibers.

A

Adipose Connective Tissue

33
Q

____ are cells in the shape of biconcave discs that are devoid of organelles. The cell cytoplasm contains Hb.

A

RBC’s

34
Q

Peripheral Blood Smear will contain predominately ___ with a few mature ____. The majority of cells with be ____

A

RBC’s ; leukocytes
Anucleated

35
Q

___ matrix consists of extracellular fibers and ground substance that surrounds chondrocytes

A

Cartilage Matrix

36
Q

______ are cavities in the cartilage matrix. Each ___ contains a chondrocyte and is surrounded by matrix.

A

Lacunae

37
Q

___ are cells that begin to SYNTHESIZE cartilage matrix while ___ are constituent cells of the cartilage that are embedded in ECM that they secrete.

A

Chondroblasts; chondrocytes

38
Q

What type of bone tissue consists of thin bone trabeculae that are occupied by bone marrow and blood vessels?

A

Spongey (trabecular, cancellous) bone

39
Q

____ of bone: small spike or needle shaped pieces of bone that connect in spongy bone to form bone scaffolding. They are composed of lamellar bone. The large ones may contain osteons.

A

Trabeculae of Bone

40
Q

What type of bone has dense areas without cavities?

A

Compact Bone

41
Q

_____ are cylindrical structures that run parallalel to the long axis of the bone

A

Osteon/Haversian System

42
Q

Each osteon is formed by a complex of concentric lamellae of bone which surrounds a central canal and the ___ canal

A

Haversian

43
Q

____ are the small dark lines that run transversely across lamellae

A

Caniculi

44
Q

___ are cells that make organic components of bone. When they are active, they appear as ___ or ___ cells

A

osteoblasts; cuboidal or columnar cells

45
Q

____ are derived from osteoblasts and lie in the bone ____ between adjacent lamellae of bone

A

osteocytes; lacunae

46
Q

True or False: Only 1 osteocyte is found in each lacuna

A

True

47
Q

Osteocytes communicate with each other by sending long processes located in the ____

A

canaliculi

48
Q

True or False: Skeletal muscle is striated and has multiple nuclei in periphery

A

True

49
Q

___is the smallest repetitive subunit of the contractile appartus in skeletal muscle. A ___ runs from Z line to Z line.

A

Sarcomere

50
Q

In skeletal muscle ____ is the dark band, consists of myosin with some overlapping actin

A

A band

51
Q

In skeletal muscle, ____ is the lighter region in the middle of the A band. It is an area where ONLY myosin is present.

A

H band

52
Q

In skeletal muscle ____ Band is the lighter band that consists of actin filaments

A

I Band

53
Q

____ Line is the dark line seen in the middle of the I Band. It represents the anchoring point of the actin filaments of two adjacent sarcomeres.

A

Z Line

54
Q

True or False: Skeletal muscle has multiple myofibrils within each muscle cell and peripheral nuclei

A

True

55
Q

Cardiac muscle, like skeletal, is striated. It has cells called “fibers.” Cells branch and are connected by dark transverse lines known as ____ ___

A

Intercalated discs

56
Q

True or false: In cardiac muscle, nuclei are peripherally located

A

False - nuclei are centrally located

57
Q

___ muscle, or fibers, are long, spindle shaped cells with THICK middles and tapered ends. Cytoplasm LACKS striations. It has a single centrally located nucleus.

A

Smooth

58
Q

_____ Junction consists of teased skeletal muscle fibers. Nerve can be seen as ___ structure. Nervous tissue stains dark brown or black.

A

NM Junction

59
Q

Nervous Tissue is supported by ___

A

glia

60
Q

The cell body of the neuron is called the ___ or soma

A

perikaryon

61
Q

In the neuron, the perikaryon contains large nucleus and many ____ and polyribosomes. These organelles stain DARK BLUE in the cytoplasm and are known as _____ (NB)

A

rough ER; Nissl substance

62
Q

What type of neuron has a SINGLE process (which later divides into an axon and dendrite) and is housed in dorsal root ganglia - in the PNS?

A

Pseudounipolar neurons

63
Q

Each dorsal root ganglia houses thousand of ____ and ____ cells, which are a type of glial cells found in peripheral ganglia.

A

pseudounipolar neurons; satellite cells

64
Q

A ____ is a cluster of neuronal bodies outside of the CNS. It belongs to the peripheral nervous system and can be either ___ or ____

A

ganglia ; sensory ganglia or autonomic ganglia

65
Q

Sensory ganglia houses ____ while autonomic ganglia houses is made of ____ neurons

A

pseudounipolar neurons; multipolar

66
Q

True or False: Sensory ganglia are associated with spinal nerves and some cranial nerves

A

True

67
Q

What type of neurons are almost always seen as peripheral neuroreceptors and are associated with special senses?

A

Bipolar Neurons

68
Q

What neurons are the MOST common and are characterized as having a SINGLE axon and multiple dendrites?

A

Multipolar Neurons

69
Q

What are three types of supporting glial cells?

A

1) Microglia
2) Astrocytes
3) Oligodendrites

70
Q

What cells are responsible for forming myelin sheath in CNS?

A

Oligodendrites

71
Q

What cells are the largest glial cells?

A

Astrocytes

72
Q

___ are small phagocytic cells w hyperchromatic nuclei.

A

Microglia

73
Q

What type of cells surround and support unmyelinated axons in the PNS?

A

Schwann cells

74
Q

___ is a group of neurons in the PNS

A

Ganglion

75
Q

___ cells surround and nourish nerve cell bodies in ganglia

A

Satellite cells

Anatomy (28 decks)

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