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Anatomy > Lecture 8_ Superficial and Deep Back > Flashcards

Lecture 8_ Superficial and Deep Back Flashcards

1
Q

The muscles of the back can be divided into two groups: the ____ muscles and the ____ muscles

A

superficial (extrinsic) muscles;
deep (intrinsic) muscles

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2
Q

Primary function of superficial and deep back muscles?

A

1) Moving pelvic girdle and UE’s
2) Moving spinal column
3) Moving craniovertebral joints

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3
Q

Which muscle is derived from ventral muscle (hypomere)?

Which muscle is derived from dorsal muscle (epimere)?

A

Extrinsic muscle is derived from ventral muscle/hypomere

Intrinsic muscle is derived from dorsal muscle/epimere

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4
Q

What innervates extrinsic back muscle?
What innervates intrinsic back muscle?

A

Extrinsic back muscle is innervated by ventral primary rami

Intrinsic back muscle is innervated by dorsal primary rami

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5
Q

How does the extrinsic back muscle get blood?

How does the intrinsic back muscle get blood?

A

Extrinsic = axillary/subclavian artery

Intrinsic = branches of segmental abdominal aorta

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6
Q

Two roles of extrinsic muscles?

Two roles on intrinsic muscles?

A

Extrinsic = 1) Accessory muscles of respiration / 2) Move UE

Intrinsic = 1) Move trunk and head / 2) Maintain posture

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7
Q

______ are usually fixed attachments while ___ are usually movable attachments

A

Origins; Insertions

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8
Q

The pelvic girdle is a functional unit formed by the ___ and ___

A

clavicle and scapula

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9
Q

Three scapular movements?

A

1) Elevation/Depression
2) Protraction/Retraction
3) Rotation - superior vs. inferior

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10
Q

What movements are associated with movement about the AP axis of the sternoclavicular (SC) Joint and “shrug of shoulders”?

A

Elevation/Depression of Scapula

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11
Q

What movement draws the pelvic girdle anteriorly, as when rounding the shoulders?

What movment draws the pelvic girdle posteriorly, causing medial border of scapula to approximate verterbral column

A

Protraction
Retraction

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12
Q

True or False: Rotation of the scapula is associated with gliding of the acromioclavicular joint

A

True

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13
Q

What type of rotation causes the glenoid fossa to point superiorly while the inferior angle rotates laterally?

What type of rotation causes the glenoid fossa to point inferiorly while the inferior angle rotates medially?

A

Superior (Lateral) Rotation/Abduction

Inferior (Medial) Rotation/Adduction

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14
Q

True or False: Scapulohumeral rhythm is required for full ROM at shoulder

A

True

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15
Q

Abduction/Adduction of glenohumeral joint is associated with ____/____ rotation of pelvic girdle

A

superior/inferior rotation of pelvic girdle

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16
Q

Flexion/Extension of glenohumeral joint is associated with ____/_____ of pelvic girdle

A

protraction/retraction of pelvic girdle

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17
Q

Extension requires the use of ___ muscles while flexion requires use of ___ muscle

A

deep back muscles; abdominal muscles

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18
Q

True or False: Flexion/Extension occurs in coronal plane while lateral flexion occurs in the sagittal plane

A

False - flexion/extension occurs in the sagittal plane while lateral flexion occurs in the coronal plane

19
Q

Rotation occurs in the ____ plane and can be either contralateral or ipsilateral

A

transverse/horizontal plane

20
Q

True or False: All intrinsic back muscles bend/laterally flex vertebral column and head

A

True

21
Q

Unilateral Contraction is a result of ____ and ____

A

lateral flexion and rotation

22
Q

Bilateral Contraction is a result of pure ____

A

extension

23
Q

How can you classify deep back muscles?

A

1) Intersegmental
2) Multi-segmental

24
Q

___ back muscles are short, span a single IV joint, and are susceptible to strain

A

Intersegmental Deep Back Muscles

25
Q

What type of deep back muscles span multiple IV segments and allow for extension of vertebral column, as well as posture maintenance, rotation/lateral flexion of torso, head, and neck

A

Multi-segmental Deep Back Muscles

26
Q

____ Region is the deepest layer of the posterior cervical muscles

A

The Suboccipital Region

27
Q

True or False: The suboccipital region is superficial to the semispinalis capitis

A

False - suboccipital region is deep to semispinalis capitis

28
Q

What are the two principal functions of the suboccipital region?

A
  1. Postural
  2. Proprioceptive
29
Q

All suboccipital muscles are innervated by what nerve?

A

Suboccipital nerve (dorsal ramus of C1)

30
Q

The suboccipital triangle is defined by what three structures?

A

1) Rectus capitis posterior major
2) Obliquus capitis superior
3) Obliquus capitis inferior

31
Q

What nerve and artery are located within the suboccipital region?

A

Vertebral artery and the Suboccipital Nerve (C1)

32
Q

True or False: The suboccipital nerve emerges from the center of the suboccipital triangle and gives muscle branches to suboccipital muscles

A

True

33
Q

How does the vertebral artery exit the transverse foramen of C1 to enter the foramen magnum?

A

Curves behind atlas/along posterior arch; pierces posterior atlanto-occipital membrane

34
Q

What two structures are closely related to the suboccipital triangle but not considered to be part of its content?

A

1) Occipital Artery
2) Greater Occipital Nerve (Dorsal Ramus C2)

35
Q

Which artery emerges between the obliquus capitis superior muscles and the splenius capitus?

A

Occipital Artery

36
Q

Which nerve emerge inferiorly to the obliquus capititis inferior muscle, pierces the semi-spinalis capitis muscle to supply skin of posterior scalp?

A

Greater occipital nerve (Dorsal Ramus C2)

37
Q

Skin overlying intrinsic muscles of back is innervated by medial/lateral cutaneous branches of which primary rami?

A

Dorsal primary rami

38
Q

Skin at lateral margins of back is innervated by posterior branches of lateral cutaneous branches of which primary rami?

A

Ventral primary rami

39
Q

Where do intrinsic muscles of back + overlying skin get blood from?

A

Segmental artery + dorsal primary rami

40
Q

Deep intrinsic muscles of the posterior neck get blood supply from what artery?

A

Deep cervical artery (branch of subclavian)

41
Q

True or False: Superficial muscles of the back are supplied by subclavian and axillary aa

A

True

42
Q

______is deep to levator scapulae and originates from subclavian artery

A. Transverse cervical artery
B. Thoracodorsal artery
C. Dorsal scapular artery

A

C. Dorsal scapular artery

43
Q

____ is superior to levator scapulae and is deep to trapezius

A. Transverse cervical artery
B. Thoracodorsal artery
C. Dorsal scapular artery

A

A. Transverse cervical artery

44
Q

_____ originates from sub-scapular artery and depends on lat dorsi to supply it

A. Transverse cervical artery
B. Thoracodorsal artery
C. Dorsal scapular artery

A

B. Thoracodorsal artery

Anatomy (28 decks)

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