T2L7 Protein Synthesis

Question 1

Describe the process of Transcription

(5 points)

Answer 1

DNA uncoils into two strands with exposed bases.
antisense used as a template
Free RNA nucleotides line up next to their complementary bases,
and are joined together by RNA polymerase by formation of phosphodiester bonds
When transcription is complete, the strand of mRNA leaves the nucleus through a pore in the nuclear envelope and the DNA recoils again

Question 2

Describe the process of translation

Answer 2

1) The ribosome reads the mRNA in a series of 3 bases
2) As the ribosome reads the codons tRNA molecules that have the complimentary anticodons bring the specific amino acid to the ribosome
3) Peptide bonds form between each of the amino acids to form a polypeptide chain
4) The polypeptide chain folds into its specific shape

Question 3

Describe the structure of tRNA

Answer 3

one end: amino-acid binding site

other end is an anticodon, which contains a complementary base sequence to the mRNA codon.

Question 4

Types of RNA involved in protein synthesis (3)

Answer 4

mRNA strand
tRNA molecule
rRNA (ribosomal)