T3L5 Mitosis Flashcards
Name and describe the stages of interphase starting from the first stage after mitosis
G1 - gap 1 length varies per cell
S - synthesis - DNA replication occurs
G2 - More growth
What are chromosomes counted by
The number of centromeres
What type of cells does Mitosis occur in
Somatic (body) cells
Name the phases of Mitosis
Prophase
Metaphase
Anaphase
Telophase
(Cytokinesis)
What has already occurred before PMATC
DNA replication
What happens during prophase
- Chromosomes condense shorter and thicker
- Centrioles move to opposite poles of the cell
Spindle fibres form between the poles - Nuclear envelope breaks down
What happens during metaphase
M= MIDDLE
-Chromosomes line up in the middle of the cell (one identical arm on each side)
- Chromosome’s centromeres attach to the spindle fibres at the equator
What happens during anaphase
A=AWAY
-Spindle fibres shorten pulling each chromatid in opposite directions to the poles
- This ends with the chromatids at each pole of the cell (two identical sets) and the spindle fibres break down
What happens during telophase
- The chromosomes unravel/decondense
- Nuclear envelope forms around the chromosomes at each end of the cell (2 nuclei)
- There are now two separate nuclei with full identical sets of DNA
What happens in cytokinesis
Division of the cytoplasm and plasma membrane reforms
Each cell has a pair of centrioles
What are produced from mitosis
Two identical daughter cells
What are the centrioles made from
Microtubules (of proteins)
