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Biology AS SNAB > T4L5 Plant cell structures > Flashcards

T4L5 Plant cell structures Flashcards

1
Q

Name 7 structures unique to plant cells

A

Vacuole / tonoplast
Amyloplasts
Chloroplasts
Pits
Plasmodesmata
Middle lamella
Cell
wall

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2
Q

Function of vacuole

A

Maintains strength and structure of the plant cell through hydrostatic pressure

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3
Q

Function of cell wall

A

Strength, structre and protection

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4
Q

What is cell wall made of

A

Cellulose

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5
Q

Function of tonoplast

A

Vacuole membrane

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6
Q

Function of amyloplast

A

Vesicles to store starch

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7
Q

Function of chloroplast

A

Convert light energy into carbohydrates

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8
Q

Where is the middle lamella

A

In between cell walls

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9
Q

What is in the middle lamella

A

Pectin

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10
Q

What is pectin

A

Cement like substance that glues plant cells together

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11
Q

What are the plasmodesmata

A

Channels joining the cystoplasms between connected adjacent cells

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12
Q

What are pits

A

Underdeveloped plasmodesmata that can develop if required

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13
Q

What type of glucose is starch made from

A

Alpha

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14
Q

What type of glucose is cellulose made from

A

Beta

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15
Q

What is the difference in alpha glucose to beta glucose

A

On C1
Alpha has H at the top OH at the bottom
This is inverted in beta

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16
Q

What are the bonds between beta-glucose in starch

A

1,4-glycosidic

17
Q

Explain the flipping and directions of bonds and molecules when beta-glucose is joined together in a condensation reaction

A

Every other b-glucose molecule is flipped upside down
This means each alternate 1,4-glycosidic bond is pointed upwards or downwards

Because this is more stable

18
Q

Name the two substances in starch

A

Amylose and Amylopectin

19
Q

Describe amylose

A

Unbranched (1)
Long straight chains (1)
Of a-glucose Bonded by 1,4-glycosidic bonds (1)
Compact (1)
Cylindrical coiled shape (1)

20
Q

Is amylose compact, explain the effect

A

Yes
It is good for storing lots of energy

21
Q

Describe amylopectin

A

Branched
Chains of a-glucose containing 1,4-glycosidic bonds
Side chains attached by 1,6-glycosidic bonds
Side chains mean it is more easily hydrolysed

22
Q

Is amylopectin branched, explain the effect

A

YES
more rapidly hydrolysed for faster energy release

23
Q

Is starch soluble

A

no

24
Q

What type of glucose is cellulose made of

A

Beta

25
Q

What shape are cellulose chains

A

Straight

26
Q

What are microfibrils

A

Stacks of 50-80 cellulose chains
Joined together by hydrogen bonds

Biology AS SNAB (38 decks)

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