T1L12 Lipids

Question 1

Structure of a glycerol

Answer 1

 H
 | H- C-OH
  | H-  C -OH
  | H - C-OH
   |
   H

H-C-C-C-H chain downwards
all cs have h on one side and ohs on other side

Question 2

Structure of one fatty acid

Answer 2

     O
     || HO-  C  - R'

Question 3

Structure of three fatty acids

Answer 3

     O
     || HO-  C  - R'

     O
     || HO-  C  - R'

     O
     || HO-  C  - R'

Question 4

Structure of a triglyceride

Answer 4

check online image
https://docs.google.com/presentation/d/1UBoG09A_pC8vGtlbauLRVyBzaoHJB-JtN0ZVdaVJvSM/edit#slide=id.g1c64fe8242c_0_190

Question 5

Formation of a fatty acid from glycerol and three fatty acids is what type of reaction

Answer 5

Condensation as 3H2O is produced

Question 6

Which part of the lipid is the ester bond

Answer 6

                    O
                    ||
             C -- O

Question 7

Describe the structure of a saturated fat

Answer 7

All C-C bonds are single
This means that the molecule is straight and they can pack more closely together

Question 8

What state are saturated fats at room temperature

Answer 8

Solid

Question 9

Describe the structure of monosaturated fats

Answer 9

All C-C bonds are single except one

Question 10

What state are monosaturated fats at room temperature

Answer 10

Liquid

Question 11

Describe the structure of polysaturated fats

Answer 11

Multiple C=C double bonds in the chain

Question 12

What state are polysaturated fats at room temperature

Answer 12

Liquid

Question 13

What is the effect of C=C double bonds in the lipid chain

Answer 13

Double bonds cause the molecule chain to bend so they cannot pack closely together which means that they are liquids at room temperature

Question 14

Explain 5 different roles of lipids

Answer 14

Cell membranes to assist flexibility and transfer substances that are soluble in lipids

Energy - provide 2x energy than carbohydrates and release water when broken down by hydrolysis

Waterproofing in plants as lipids are insoluble in water - prevents the loss of water

Insulation - fats are poor conductors of heat

Protection - of delicate organs e.g kidneys

Question 15

Describe the solubility of lipids

Answer 15

Soluble in alcohol
Insoluble in water

Question 16

What are some uses of cholesterol

Answer 16

• component of cell membranes (stability)
  -Some hormones (progesterone and testosterone) are made of cholesterol