Biotechnology (ch 16) Flashcards
what is cloning
Process of using genetic material from one indiv to make a new indiv that is genetically identical
process of Dolly Sheep cloning (5 steps)
- DNA from egg of a Finn Dorset sheep was extracted
- nucleus of Scottish Blackface is removed through electric shock
- as cell divide to form early embryo, Finn Dorset DNA is replicated
- Embryo planted into third sheep
- Developed: Dolly sheep was born identically to Finn Dorset
2 types of stem cell research
- Embryonic Stem Cells
- Adult Stem CELLS
what is Embryonic Stem Cells
During early embryo development, as single cells divide, each new cell can develop into any type of cell (skin, nerve, liver)
cell that has ability to be any type of cell in body
Totipotent cell or Embryonic Stem Cells
what is Blastocyst or Blastula
hollow ball of cells formed as cells divide
adult stem cells are from what
bone marrow (made of fat tissue and blood cells)
purpose of stem cell research
supply cells for repair of damages/ diseases organs due to accidents or degenerative diseases
how does degenerative disease start
starts w/ slow breakdown of an organ and progresses into organ failure
examples of degenerative disease
diabetes, liver, lung disease. Heart disease, multiple sclerosis, Alzheimers, Parkinsons
summary of animal cloning process
- DNA from egg of one sheep is extracted and combined with cell of other sheep with shock
- replication process: new copies of Finn Dorset DNA are produced until it produces an embryo
3.embryo is implanted into uterus of another sheep and develops maturity
what happens in DNA replication
parent DNA unwinds and 2 new daughter strands are built based on base pairing rules
what is protein synthesis
process by which protein is produced from DNA genetic code
what is transcription
synthesis of RNA from DNA (produces mRNA)
what is translation
actual synthesis of a polypeptide which occurs under mRNA condition
