Diversity of Fungi. Protista, Bacteria (Ch 28 & 29)

Question 1

is fungi heterotroph or autotroph

Answer 1

heterotroph

Question 2

3 functions of fungi

Answer 2

1) Recycling essential chemical elements back to environment

2) Help plant roots absorb water and minerals from soil

3) Decomposition releases CO2 into atmosphere and returns nitrogenous compounds to soil to be used by plants and animals

Question 3

what does fungi produce and live where

Answer 3

poisonous toxins, live in many environments

Question 4

where does fungi grow

Answer 4

Grow on paint, leather, cloth, bread (warm/ moist environment)
Mushrooms, yeasts, molds

Question 5

fungal morphology (external features)

Answer 5

consists of mycelia (network of branched hyphae adapted for absorption)

Question 6

what is hypha (basic structure of fungi)

Answer 6

slender filament of cytoplasm and nuclei

Question 7

mycelium function

Answer 7

permeate soil, water, living tissue

Question 8

4 types of Phylum: Ascomycota = Ascomycetes (sac fungi)

Answer 8

Aleutian aurantia
Tuber melanosporum
Morchella esculenta
Neurospora crassa

Question 9

2 types of fungi

Answer 9

1) Phylum: Ascomycota = Ascomycetes (sac fungi)
2) Phylum Basidiomycota = Basidiomycetes (club fungi)

Question 10

Aleutian aurantia

Answer 10

orange peel fungus

Question 11

Tuber melanosporum

Answer 11

truffle (emits strong odors)

Question 12

Morchella esculenta

Answer 12

under trees in orchards

Question 13

Neurospora crassa

Answer 13

feeds as mold on bread and other food

Question 14

Penicillium

Answer 14

mold in food

Question 15

when does yeast grow

Answer 15

in various stages of budding

Question 16

4 types of Phylum Basidiomycota = Basidiomycetes (club fungi)

Answer 16

1) Fly agaric
2) Shelf fungi
3) Puffballs
4) Maiden veil fungus

Question 17

Fly agaric

Answer 17

in conifer forests

Question 18

Shelf fungi

Answer 18

Decomposers of wood

Question 19

Puffballs

Answer 19

emitting spores

Question 20

Maiden veil fungus

Answer 20

fungus w/ odor like rotting meat

Question 21

fungi harming plants example

Answer 21

Ex: Ergots to produce fungal growths on grains

Question 22

toxins isolates from ergots are used to:

Answer 22

Produce LSD
Stop nasal bleeding
Stop maternal bleeding after childbirth

Question 23

why are fungi successful

Answer 23

produce spores easily

Question 24

what can ergots cause to humans

Answer 24

hallucinations, temporary insanity and death

Question 25

Fungi harming animals:
mycosis

Answer 25

term for fungal infections

Question 26

mycosis examples

Answer 26

Athletes foot
Vaginal yeast infections
Urinary tract infections
Thrush

Question 27

Commercially valuable fungi

Answer 27

=baking and production of beer (yeast)
=Antibiotics (penicillium)
=Certain species used to produce cheese w/ flavours and odors
=truffles

Question 28

Penicillium Roqueforti

Answer 28

blue cheese

Question 29

who discovered penicillin and when

Answer 29

Alexander Fleming (1928) = Antibiotic derived from fungus

Question 30

what is lichen made of (symbiotic)

Answer 30

alga and fungus
Fungus = structure
Algae = provide nourishment

Question 31

3 types of lichen

Answer 31

1. fruticose (shrub) = in tree
2. foliose (leaf like) = tree trunk, rocks
3. crustose (crust like) = common on rocks

Question 32

group protista belongs in what domain

Answer 32

eukarya

Question 33

Major feature group protista possess: (5)

Answer 33

1. Eukaryotic cellular structure
2. Cellular anatomy
3. Life’s cycle
4. Ecological roles
5. Membrane bound nucleus + other organelles

Question 34

characteristics of protist (4)

Answer 34

Most are aquatic
If terrestrial, live in damp soil
Can be autotrophic or heterotrophic
Can be unicellular or multicellular

Question 35

protists are grouped as (3)

Answer 35

Plant like (algae)
Animal like (Protozoa)
Fungal like (molds/ mildews)

Question 36

Algae (plant like Protists)

Answer 36

Photosynthetic (autotrophs)
In aquatic environments
Unicellular or multicellular

Question 37

Protozoa (animal like protist)

Answer 37

Most are in marine environment
Reproduction = asexual
Eat other organisms (heterotrophs)
Often pathogens

Question 38

example of a protozoa

Answer 38

Ex: Trypanosoma
Have flagella
Cause African sleeping sickness

Question 39

Molds & Mildews (Fungus like Protists)

Answer 39

Slimy
Plasmodial slime molds (bright Colors) = plasmodium
Water molds (wet areas, dead decay)
Mildews (surface of leaves)

Question 40

domain bacteria characteristic (5)

Answer 40

colonized every region of earth
Reproduce rapidly (binary fission)
Have prokaryotic cells
Exhibit variety shapes
Most unicellular, some colonial

Question 41

3 shapes of bacteria

Answer 41

Spherical (cocci)
Rod shaped (bacilli)
Spiral (spirilla)

Question 42

chemical cycling (bacteria benefits)

Answer 42

1. recycling elects b/w living and non living
2. Many bacteria are Decomposers
   = Break down corpses, dead vegetation, wastes
3. Nitrogen- fixing bacteria add usable nitrogen to environment

Question 43

Research & Technology (bacteria benefits)

Answer 43

= experiments with prokaryotes led to DNA technology and genetic advances
= Good for study virus and bacteria
= Synthesis of vitamins

Used in research on antibiotics, hormones, food

Question 44

harmful bacteria examples

Answer 44

Lyme diseases
Strep throat
Tuberculosis
Food poisoning

Question 45

most important group of bacteria

Answer 45

Cyanobacteria (blue-green algae)

Question 46

cyanobacteria are photosynthetic what does this mean

Answer 46

producers of oxygen

Question 47

what does cyanobacteria cause

Answer 47

algal blooms in lakes (polluted water)

Question 48

where is cyanobacteria found

Answer 48

Common in lakes, ponds, tropical oceans