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pe a level > sports and society > Flashcards

sports and society Flashcards

1
Q

what is popular recreation

A

the sport and past times of people in pre industrial Britain.

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2
Q

when may sports like mob football have been played

A

on holy days, such as shrove Tuesday/ ash Wednesday

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3
Q

what was sport called in pre - industrial Britain

A

popular recreation

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4
Q

sate 4 characteristics of pre - industrial Britain

A
  • harsh living conditions
  • clear class division system
  • people lived in rural areas
  • the lower class worked long hours so didn’t have much time to play sport
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5
Q

what where the characteristics of pre - industrial sport for the lower class

A
  • violent
  • occasional
  • limit rules and regulations ( mob football had one rule and that was no murder)
  • may have involved gambling or wagering
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6
Q

how did these factors effect sport (popular recreation) in pre - industrial Britain?
- limited transport/ communications
- illiteracy
- harsh society
- long working hours
- two - tier class system

A
  • this meant that games were very local, due to the events being spread mainly by word of mouth, as well as limited transport to get to the sporting events
  • the harsh society reflected in the sport, due to popular recreation tending to be extremely rough and violent
  • long working hours, meant that there was very little time to play the games, thus making them special occasions
  • the upper class and the lower class did not mix and they both had very different takes on sport
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7
Q

give 4 KEY difference’s between mob football (1) and real tennis (2)

A
  • 1 had very little rules, whilst one had a large volume of complex rules
  • 1 tended to be violent where as 2 tended to be civilised
  • 1 was played the lower class and 2 was only played by the upper class (only really noble men)
  • 1 was local and occasional, whilst 2 tended to be regular and widespread, due to the use of horse and carriage
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8
Q

what gender tended to partake in popular recreation

A

male

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9
Q

name 4 characteristics of real tennis

A
  • played by the upper class
  • required expensive equipment and purpose built facilities
  • had complex written rules in place
  • could be played nationally due to horse and carriage
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10
Q

what is rational recreation (definition)

A

in the nineteenth century, these were sorts pastimes for the lower, classes which were designed by the middle classes to be well ordered, organised and controlled.

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11
Q

give 2 examples of rational recreation

A
  • association football
  • lawn tennis
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12
Q

why was the Wenlock Olympic games set up

A
  • as a tool for moral
  • to promote physical and intellectual improvements
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13
Q

who was the founder of the 1850 Wenlock Olympic games

A

Dr William Penny Brookes

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14
Q

what was the industrial revolution

A

deemed to have occurred during the mid - eighteen to mid - nineteenth century. this period marked a change in Britain from a feudal, rural society into an industrialised machine -based, capitalist society, controlled by a powerful urban middle class.

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15
Q

what occur during the industrial revolution (sate 6 negative things)

A
  • migration of the lower classes into urban areas - led to a loss of space, for the types of popular recreation to be played
  • lack of leisure time - the idea of shifts, mean that very little free time was available
  • lack of income - low wages and a high level of poverty where present
  • poor health - along with poor working and living conditions
  • loss of rights - restrictions, were placed on mob games and blood sports by the change in criminal laws
  • lack of public provisions
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16
Q

athleticism (definition)

A
  • physical endeavour with moral integrity
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17
Q

industrial patronage (definition)

A

factory teams were set up by factory owners as a way of decreasing absenteeism and encouraging loyalty in the workforce.

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18
Q

urbanisation (definition)

A

large numbers of people migrating/moving from rural areas into the towns and cities,, seeking regular work in the factories.

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19
Q

what was the transport revolution

A

this was when steam trains became more accessible to every day people, meaning that travel was much more common, this in turn meant that people could easily move in and out of the city in order to travel to play or watch their team partake in a given sport

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20
Q

what was another benefit of the transport revolution

A

people where able to go and escape the pollute industrial environments, which could of lead to an improvement in the health of factory owners

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21
Q

name 3 impacts that church had on sport

A
  • they set up teams and allowed for people to use their facilities
  • they help to take away gambling and re-establish more social control
  • they developed the YMCA
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22
Q

how did the middle class, help the development of professionalism

A

the help to promote athletics, and factory owners set up factory teams and paid broken time payments so their players could miss work in order to play sport

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23
Q

what is social control

A

the way in which, peoples thoughts, feelings, appearances and behaviour are regulated in social systems

24
Q

what is the codification (definition)

A

the gradual organisation and defining of the rules (e.g. for the actual playing of a sport, (as well as the conduct and behaviour of participants)

25
Q

who played a key role, in the formation of NGB’s

A
  • public school old boys and university olds boys
26
Q

what is social control (definition)

A

the way in which people, thoughts, feelings, appearance and behaviour are regulated in social system

27
Q

what class, emerged that made for a three tier class system

A

the ‘self made’ middle class

28
Q

what did the improvement in leisure time for the working class mean?

A

they were able to play sport regular, due to being able to play on a Saturday and Sunday, and the best players would receive boot pay, in order to miss work to play for the factory team

29
Q

name 3 things that the middle class helped to develop

A
  • competitions, like the development of Sunday leagues and bigger national competitions like the FA cup
  • public provisions, the middle class knew to invest in these, as it meant that the lower class were more fit and healthy, meaning they went off sick from the factories much less
  • professionalism, the middle class helped to form early elements of this, via ‘boot money’/ broken time payments so that worker would miss work to play sport
30
Q

what impact did the British empire have?

A

officers in the army, were able to spread the moral code of Britain throughout the world, via the power of sport

31
Q

how was the sport spread through the British empire

A
  • via teachers, who taught traditions
  • by factory owners, who set up teams to participate in leagues
  • by clergy, who developed teams and took sport abroad via missionaries
  • by diplomates - they travel the world and took sport with them
  • by officers in the army
32
Q

what is public provisions (definition)

A

local council provisions of facilities (e.g. sport/recreational) for the masses to participate

33
Q

state 3 advantages to the introduction of national governing bodies

A
  • more teams and clubs
  • level playing field (same rules)
  • allowed more international and national fixtures to be organised
34
Q

state 3 characteristics of rational recreation

A
  • respectability
  • regional/ national/ regular
  • codification and fair rules
  • referees and official’s
  • purpose - built facilities
  • skills/ tactics based (not violent or brute forced based like mob football which was part of popular recreation
35
Q

amateur (definition)

A

a person who plays sport for the love of it and receives no financial gain

36
Q

professional (definition)

A

a person who plays sport for financial gain

37
Q

what were 5 things that were associated with being an amateur

A
  • manliness
  • appreciating the values of health and fitness
  • appreciating the value of rule - regulated activity
  • high moral integrity
  • belonging to the social elite
38
Q

state 3 positive effects amateurs

A
  • participation in sport
  • code of ethics
  • code of amateurism
39
Q

4 key features of early twentieth century amateurs

A
  • highly moral
  • top performers
  • controllers of sport
  • high status
40
Q

3 key features of modern day ‘amateurs’

A
  • tend to be of lower status than professionals
  • can still be high level performers but are amateurs due to not getting paid
  • anyone is able to performer at the top level in sport now.
41
Q

what is an example of modern day amateurism (use a sporting example)

A
  • there are still examples of codes of amateurism in sport today, with rugby union being an example, where they tended to be politer to the referee than in association football
42
Q

state 3 characteristics of modern day professionals

A
  • people are now respected for their talents and efforts in reaching the top.
  • they tend to be much better due to having more time to train due to this being there only job
    positive role models, know act as motivators for people to reach the top level
  • more spectators are able to travel and view sport due to more accessible and cheaper travel.
43
Q

state the 7 things that lead to the rationalisation and development of modern day football

A
  • urbanisation
  • more free time/ leisure time
  • more disposable income
  • improved transport
  • increased professionalism
  • social class links
  • increased organisation
44
Q

state the 8 things that lead to the emergence of elite female footballers in modern day sport?

A
  • equal opportunities
  • increased media coverage of women’s football games
  • more female role models in football
  • more provision via school PE programmes
  • increased approval/ encouragement from the FA
  • more clubs are forming (local as well as professional level)
  • increased participation via more funding into the game
  • more free time
45
Q

how many countries in Europe, have a women’s national league

A

51 countries (that is almost all of them)

46
Q

how many associations have a national team (for women)

A

53

47
Q

give an example of a country with more than 60,000 female football players

A

Denmark, England, France, Germany, Netherlands, Norway and Sweden

48
Q

what is lawn tennis

A

originally called sphairstike and played on an hour glass shaped court before its name and court shape were quickly replaced

49
Q

when where women first allowed to partake in the game of real tennis

A

in 1884

50
Q

what is the open era of tennis

A

when professional tennis players were allowed to compete alongside amateurs and earn money

51
Q

when did the women’s winner of Wimbledon get paid the same as the male winner for the first time ?

A

2007

52
Q

when was the AAA (amateur athletics association established)

A

on the 24th of April 1880

53
Q

when was the women AAA ( amateur athletics association) established

A

1922

54
Q

what is the golden triangle

A

the golden triangle refers to the relationship between the sport, business and media

55
Q

what is the definition of cult of athleticism

A

an obsession with the combination of physical endeavour and moral integrity, (showing sportsman ship/fair play/ being truthful

56
Q

NGB’s role in sport

A
  • more teams and clubs, were forming
  • more national and international fixtures were being organised
  • leagues and competitions, where required for these teams to compete in
  • allowed for nationally agreed rules, so that there was a level playing field across the country, thus allowing, for codification of rules and results (e.g. national records)
57
Q
A

pe a level (34 decks)

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