Use of guidance and feedback

Question 1

What are the four methods of guidance?

Answer 1

• Verbal
• Visual
• Manual
• Mechanical

Question 2

What is visual guidance?

Answer 2

Guidance that can be seen, a demonstration

Question 3

What stage of learning does visual guidance suit best?

Answer 3

Cognitive stage

Question 4

3 Advantages of visual guidance

Answer 4

• Provides mental picture of a required skill
• Enables parts of a learning process to be seen clearly
• Encourages observational learning

Question 5

2 Disadvantages of visual guidance

Answer 5

• May not be clear or too quick to be followed
• Accurate demonstration may not be available

Question 6

What is verbal guidance?

Answer 6

Using words to explain a task

Question 7

What stage of learning does verbal guidance suit best?

Answer 7

Autonomous stage

Question 8

Advantages of verbal guidance

Answer 8

• Can be controlled by the coach
• Can be used to motivate a performer
• Can be used to quickly identify errors which can then be corrected

Question 9

Disadvantages of verbal guidance

Answer 9

• Can overload beginners with info
• Language used may be to complex for beginners
• Leads to learners losing concentration

Question 10

What is manual guidance?

Answer 10

Physically supporting a performer during movement

Question 11

What is mechanical guidance?

Answer 11

Using artificial aids to help a performance

Question 12

Advantages of manual/mechanical guidance

Answer 12

• Can be used safely
• Can be used to give confidence
• Can be used to break a skill into small parts and practice separately

Question 13

Disadvantages of manual/mechanical guidance

Answer 13

• Can restrict a movement and create over-reliance on a device
• Can restrict kinaesthetic awareness of movement of a skill

Question 14

What is intrinsic feedback?

Answer 14

From within

Question 15

Advantages of intrinsic feedback

Answer 15

• Performer independent as feeling comes from within them
• Can be used for reinforcement
• Can be used for error detection as a movement is in progress

Question 16

Disadvantages of intrinsic feedback

Answer 16

• Feedback may not be accurate for a performer in the cognitive stage

Question 17

What is extrinsic feedback?

Answer 17

From an outside source

Question 18

What is knowledge of performance?

Answer 18

About technique

Question 19

What is knowledge of result?

Answer 19

Concerned with the outcome

Question 20

Advantages of extrinsic feedback

Answer 20

Gives reinforcement of correct or incorrect aspects of performance

Question 21

Disadvantages of extrinsic feedback

Answer 21

• May demotivate a performer if they don’t understand the feedback
• Performer may become over reliant on the coach

Question 22

What is positive feedback?

Answer 22

Encouragement

Question 23

What is negative feedback?

Answer 23

Error correction

Question 24

Advantages of positive feedback

Answer 24

• Gives reinforcement of correct aspects of performance
• Builds self esteem and confidence in the performer
• Good for performers in the cognitive stage

Question 25

Disadvantages of positive feedback

Answer 25

• Performers may become overconfident, performance can fall
• Some performers don’t respond well to praise

Question 26

Advantages of negative feedback

Answer 26

• If used sparingly can refine and improve performance
• Good for people in the autonomous stage

Question 27

Disadvantages of negative feedback

Answer 27

• May demotivate performer, especially cognitive stage learners
• Doesn’t encourage a performer