4- Mechanisms and mediators of acute inflammation Flashcards
Name 5 signs of acute inflammation
Redness
swelling
pain
heat
loss of function
Causes of acute inflammation
Infection, trauma, physical and chemical agents, necrosis, foreign bodies, immune reactions
3 morphological hallmarks of acute inflammation
Dilation of blood vessels
Activation & Recruitment of leukocytes
6 Rs of acute inflammation (steps)
Recognition of the injurious agent
Reaction of blood vessels
Recruitment of leukocytes
Removal of the agent
Regulation of the response
Repair
Name 3 mediators in acute inflammation
Vasoactive amines (histamine, serotonin)
Inflammatory lipids (Prostaglandins, leukotrienes)
Complements - C5a, C3a
Cytokines (IL-1, TNF, IL-6)
Which mediators cause vasodilation
leukotrienes and prostaglandin
3 outcomes of acute inflammation
Resolution, Fibrosis (scaring), Chronic inflammation
What mediator causes pyrexia in acute inflammation?
PGE2- prostaglandin
Which mediator triggers pain in acute inflammation
Inflammatory lipids
What are acute phase proteins?
Proteins that are synthesized by the liver in response to infection, illness, and tissue injury. The proteins enhance the inflammatory response, and aid the innate immune system in defense against pathogens.
Name 2 positive Acute phase proteins (increase in response to inflammation)
C-reactive protein (CRP)
Serum amyloid A (SAA)
Fibrinogen
Complement (C3,C4)
Name 2 negative acute phase proteins (decrease in response to inflammation)
Albumin
Transferrin
Transthyretin
Retinol-binding protein
Define transudates
Extravascular filtrate of protein and cell fluid
Fluid moves from intra to extra due to increased hydrostatic pressure or decreased colloids-osmotic pressure (or both)
What is a biomarker
a biological molecule that is objectively measured and is an indicator of a normal or abnormal process, or of a condition or disease.
What could cause an increased hydrostatic pressure? (Increased amount of blood moving out via pores)
Congestive heart failure