4- Intro to pathology Flashcards
Define pathology
The study of disease
‘Structural, biochemical, functional changes in cells, tissues & organs that underlie disease’
Define anatomic pathology
Anatomic = exam of tissues taken during life (biopsy) or after death (autopsy) - examines nature & extent of the disease process
What are the 4 aspects of disease
Aetiology
Pathogenesis
Molecular and morphologic changes
Clinical manifestation
List 3 criteria you need to follow to describe any lesion
Location
Number
Demarcation (can you tell it apart from normal tissue)
Distribution
Colour
Size
Shape
Consistency & texture
Clinical pathologic diagnosis
based on changes observed in biochemistry, hematology, and cytology
What is a biopsy
Removal and examination of a tissue sample from a living animal body for diagnostic purposes
What is a necropsy
Methodical examination of the dead animal
What is a morphologic diagnosis
Based on what is SEEN; the predominant lesion(s) in the tissue(s)
Both:
→ macroscopic (gross)
→ microscopic (histologic)
What are post-mortem changes? Name one?
Things we see in the post-mortem that are not pathological lessons
Occur due to cessation of normal bodily fluids
Autolysis
Putrefaction
Rigor morits
Rigor mortis occurs because ________.
Depletion of ATP & glycogen
- ATP is required to release the attached actin and myosin molecules
Define livor mortis
Gravitational pooling of blood to the downside of the animal
Define post-mortem clotting
Interaction of platelets & clotting factors
- don’t adhere to vessel walls
Haemoglobin imbibition
The post-mortem staining of tissues or organs with haemoglobin pigment.
Red staining
Bile imbibition
Yellow followed by green staining of the liver and any intestines in contact with the gallbladder; occurs within hours after death.
Define pseudomelanosis
Blue-green dislocation of tissues by iron sulphide
- formed by the reaction of hydrogen sulphide generated by bacteria & iron from haemoglobin released for lysed RBC
Define clinical pathology
Exam of blood/bodily fluids swell as cells during life.
- lab diagnostics
Define inflammation
Vascular and interstitial tissue changes that develop in response to tissue injury and that are designed to sequester, dilute, and destroy the causal agent
Define healing
repair of injured tissue
involves angiogenesis, fibrosis and regeneration (epithelisation)
Define thrombosis
Interaction of the blood coagulation system and platelets to form, within a vascular lumen, an aggregate of fibrin and platelets (= thrombus).
Define necrosis
death of cells or tissues in the living animal
Define clinical diagnosis
= Based on data obtained from the case history, clinical signs, and physical examination
Define autolysis
changes due to “self-digestion”- occurs when cellular function sees an intracellular enzymes leak through cell membranes and cause self digestion.
Define putrefraction
Colour and texture changes, gas production, and odours that are caused by post-mortem bacterial metabolism and dissolution of host tissues (post-mortem decomposition)
