4- Neoplasia, benign and malignant neoplasms Flashcards
Define neoplasia
Abnormal proliferation of cells
Define neoplasm
abnormal mass of tissue that occurs as result of abnormal cell proliferation
Define oncogenesis
Process of gradual stepwise tumour development
What is an initiation in regard to oncogenesis?
Mutagenesis - introduction of a reversible genetic change
What are the types of mutagenesis that occur in initiation (oncogenesis)?
Chemical or physical
Inherited or spontaneous
Virus or bacteria
ROS - reactive oxygen species
What is promotion (oncogenesis)?
Outgrowth in response to selective stimulation - drive proliferation
Non-mutagenic (often reversible)
Define anaplasia
loss of cell differentiation and function
Give a growth rate characteristic of malignancy compared to benign tumours
Slow to rapid growth
Many mitotic figures
Abnormal mitotic figures
Define anisocytosis
variation in cell size and shape
Define anisokaryosis
Variation in nuclear size
How does nuclear morphology differ in malignant tumours to benign?
Marked anisokaryosis (variation in nuclear size) with frequent binucleation/multinucleation
List the steps of carcinogenesis
- Initiation (mutagenesis)
- ProMotion
- Progression (benign into malignancy)
List 3 examples of connective tissue neoplastic lesions seen in veterinary species
Fibrosarcoma
Fibroma
Lipoma
List 2 examples of endothelium neoplastic lesions seen in veterinary species
Haemangioma
Haemangiosarcoma
List 3 examples of Haematopoietic neoplastic lesions seen in veterinary species
Lymphoma
Leukaemia
Histiocytoma
MCT
