4- Neoplasia, benign and malignant neoplasms Flashcards

1
Q

Define neoplasia

A

Abnormal proliferation of cells

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2
Q

Define neoplasm

A

abnormal mass of tissue that occurs as result of abnormal cell proliferation

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3
Q

Define oncogenesis

A

Process of gradual stepwise tumour development

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4
Q

What is an initiation in regard to oncogenesis?

A

Mutagenesis - introduction of a reversible genetic change

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5
Q

What are the types of mutagenesis that occur in initiation (oncogenesis)?

A

Chemical or physical
Inherited or spontaneous
Virus or bacteria
ROS - reactive oxygen species

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6
Q

What is promotion (oncogenesis)?

A

Outgrowth in response to selective stimulation - drive proliferation
Non-mutagenic (often reversible)

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7
Q

Define anaplasia

A

loss of cell differentiation and function

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8
Q

Give a growth rate characteristic of malignancy compared to benign tumours

A

Slow to rapid growth
Many mitotic figures
Abnormal mitotic figures

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9
Q

Define anisocytosis

A

variation in cell size and shape

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10
Q

Define anisokaryosis

A

Variation in nuclear size

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11
Q

How does nuclear morphology differ in malignant tumours to benign?

A

Marked anisokaryosis (variation in nuclear size) with frequent binucleation/multinucleation

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12
Q

List the steps of carcinogenesis

A
  1. Initiation (mutagenesis)
  2. ProMotion
  3. Progression (benign into malignancy)
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13
Q

List 3 examples of connective tissue neoplastic lesions seen in veterinary species

A

Fibrosarcoma
Fibroma
Lipoma

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14
Q

List 2 examples of endothelium neoplastic lesions seen in veterinary species

A

Haemangioma
Haemangiosarcoma

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15
Q

List 3 examples of Haematopoietic neoplastic lesions seen in veterinary species

A

Lymphoma
Leukaemia
Histiocytoma
MCT

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16
Q

List 2 examples of muscle. neoplastic lesions seen in veterinary species

A

Rhabdo/leio-myosarcoma