4- White blood cells Flashcards

1
Q

When does ‘-penia’ mean

A

Low counts

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2
Q

What does ‘-philia’ and ‘-cytosis’ mean

A

High counts

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3
Q

3 steps for WBC to leave blood vessels

A

Marginalisation
Adhesion
Migration

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4
Q

Only half the amount of neutrophils can be sampled in a blood sample due to…

A

The rest are stuck to the wall of the vessels to move out

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5
Q

List 2 factors that cause neutrophilia

A

Inflammation - infections, necrosis
Steroids (glucocorticoids) - stress, hyepradrenocroticism
Physiological - flight or fight
Chronic neutrophil leukaemia

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6
Q

Describe what is meant by left shift of neutrophils

A

Seeing more immature neutrophils

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7
Q

Describe what is meant by right shift of neutrophils

A

Seeing more mature neutrophils - cells held in circulation longer than they should be

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8
Q

What is the main cause of right shift of neutrophils

A

Steriods

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9
Q

What is neutrophil toxic change?

A

rapid production of neutrophils - shorten maturation
usually caused by severe bacterial infection

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10
Q

How can you identify toxic neutrophils?

A

Foamy cytoplasm
diffuse cytoplasmic basophilia
Dohle bodies
Asynchronous nuclear maturation (finely granular nuclear chromatin in segments)

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11
Q

T/F seeing neutrophil toxic change is a good prognosis

A

False- poor prognosis

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12
Q

List 2 causes of neutropenia (decreased production)

A

Inflammation
Infections - parvovirus, FeLv
Chemotherapy
Chloramphenicol toxicity
Neoplasia
Marrow necrosis

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13
Q

T/F Dogs have relatively high bone marrow reserves of neutrophils & rapidly make neutrophils

A

True

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14
Q

Do horses/cows have good neutrophil bone marrow reserves? & What does this mean?

A

No - slow at making them aswell

Normally have low count - neutropenia

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15
Q

What is the major cause of lymphopenia?

A

Stress/steroids

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16
Q

List 2 causes of monocytosis?

A

Inflammation
- Bacterial, fungal infection
- necrosis
Steroids/stress

Monocytic leukaemia

17
Q

T/F basophils are rarely found on blood smears

A

True

18
Q

What are heterophils

A

seen in rabbits and reptiles
functionally equivalent to neutrophils, but granules stain red

19
Q

What is cytopenia

A

A condition in which there is a lower-than-normal number of blood cells
occurs when there is bone marrow disruption

20
Q

Describe what glucocorticoids do to lymphocytes

A

have lymphocyte inhibitory effects
this means that hypoadrenocorticism- causes lymphocytosis

21
Q

T/F monocytopenia is clinically significant

A

False