Chapter 9: Guest Lecture

Question 1

Language

Answer 1

structured system of communication that uses words and
systematic rules
Language is unique to humans

Question 2

Literacy

Answer 2

“the ability to identify, understand, interpret, create, communicate and compute, using printed and written materials associated with varying contexts”
- Reading, Writing, Numeracy

Question 3

Reading

Answer 3

Process of deriving meaning from written symbols
Mapping between visual print representations (orthography) and
auditory sound representations (phonology)

Question 4

Reading requires extensive training and relies on existing functions..

Answer 4

1. Linguists
   Phonology/Sounds
   Orthography/Print symbols
   Meaningful representations
2. Non-linguistic
   Attention
   Working memory
   Automaticity

Question 5

How is reading measured?

Answer 5

• Decoding: Word identification task from Wide Range Achievement Test (WRAT)
• Reading fluency and comprehension: Gray Oral Reading task (GORT)

Question 6

Go/No-Go Reading task

Answer 6

task-relevant inhibition
Read out aloud only when the stimuli spells a real word

Measures:
- % correct
- response time

Question 7

Real words

Answer 7

• Regular words: regular one-on-one sound-letter correspondence e.g., food
• Exception words: irregular one-on-one sound-letter correspondence e.g., yacht

Question 8

Non-words

Answer 8

glub, soyt

Question 9

Pseudohomophones

Answer 9

sound like real word like pynt

Question 10

Decoding: Word identification task from Wide Range Achievement
Test (WRAT)

Answer 10

Measures:
- % correct

Question 11

Fluency and comprehension: Gray Oral Reading task (GORT)

Answer 11

Measures
- % correct
- error rates
- types of errors

Question 12

Regularity effect

Answer 12

Regular words have ↑ ACC, ↓RT compared to Exception words

Question 13

Research question

Answer 13

What is the impact of task relevant inhibition on regularity effect?

Question 14

Methods

Answer 14

• N= 30 participants completed Go/No-Go (GNG) overt reading tasks

• 2 kinds of foils
• Nonwords (NWs) for GNG-NW task: Regular words + Exception words + NWs

• Pseudohomophones (PHs) for GNG-PH task: Regular words + Exception words + PHs

Question 15

Measures

Answer 15

• Accuracy- % of correct responses
• Individual and group aggregate

• Response time (RT): onset of response (in milliseconds)

Mean ACC and Mean RT for exception and regular words in both GNG-NW and GNG-PH tasks

Question 16

Discussion

Answer 16

• Higher accuracy for regular words than exception words
• But- longer response time for regular words than exception words in
GNG-NW only (opposite is true for GNG-PHs)

• Presence of certain foil words differently impact the underlying processes involved in reading