Congenital

Question 1

most common congenital heart defect

Answer 1

VSD

Question 2

types of ASD

Answer 2

otisum secundum + ostium primum

Question 3

most common ASD

Answer 3

ostium secundum

Question 4

symptoms ASD

Answer 4

ejection systolic murmur, fixed spitting S2 // embolism

Question 5

what is seen on ECG of ostium secundum

Answer 5

RBBB + RAD

Question 6

what is seen on ECG of ostium primum

Answer 6

RBBB + LAD and prolonged PR

Question 7

which type of ASD presents earlier

Answer 7

ostium primum

Question 8

what % of VSD close with no intervention

Answer 8

50%

Question 9

what chromosomal disorders are assoc with VSD

Answer 9

downs (T21) // edwards (T18) // (T13) // cri-du-chat

Question 10

when can VSDs be detected in utero

Answer 10

20 week scan

Question 11

presentation SVD in babies

Answer 11

failure to thrive // HF: raised RR + HR, pale

Question 12

what type of murmur is present in VSD

Answer 12

panystsolic murmur

Question 13

how can large VSDs be managed

Answer 13

diuretics or surgery

Question 14

complications VSD (5)

Answer 14

aortic regurg // infective endocarditis // eisenmengers // R HF // pulm hypertension

Question 15

what condition is pregnancy contraindicated in

Answer 15

pulmonary hypertension

Question 16

what shunt does ASD/ VSD cause

Answer 16

left –> right

Question 17

what is eisenmengers

Answer 17

reversal of left to right shunt

Question 18

what is eisenmengers assoc with (3)

Answer 18

ASD / VSD / patent ductus arteriosus

Question 19

features eisenmengers

Answer 19

murmur resolves // cyanosis // clubbing // RV failure // haemoptysis + embolism

Question 20

mx eisenmengers

Answer 20

heart + lung transplant

Question 21

what is patent ductus arteriosus

Answer 21

ductus arteriosus does not close so connection between pulmonary vein and aorta

Question 22

RF for ductus arteriosus (3)

Answer 22

premature // high altitude birth // rubella infection 1st trimester

Question 23

presentaation patent ductus arteriosus (4)

Answer 23

left subclavicular thrill // continuous murmur // bounding + collapsing pulse // heaving apex beat

Question 24

medical mx of patent ductus arteriosus

Answer 24

indomethacin or ibuprofen

Question 25

if surgery is needed in patent ductus arteriosus what drug is given + why

Answer 25

prostaglandin E1 to keep open until after repair

Question 26

what is coarction of aorta

Answer 26

congenital narrowing of descending aorta

Question 27

who is coarction of aorta most common in

Answer 27

boys

Question 28

presentation coarction of aorta

Answer 28

children: HF // adults: hypertension // mid-systolic murmur // aplical click // radio-femoral delay // inf notching ribs