physiology Flashcards
what valves close on S1
mitral and tricuspid
what makes a soft S1
Mitral regurgitation
what makes a loud S1
mitral stenosis // left to right shunt // hyper dynamic
what causes S2
aortic and pulmonary valves closing
when is S2 soft
aortic regurgitation
fixed S2 split
ASD
causes widely split S2
deep inspiration, RBBB, pulm stenosis, mitral regurgitation
cause of reversed S2
LBBB, severe aortic stenosis, patent ductus arteries
when is S2 loud
systemic or pulmonary hypertension // ASD without pulmonary HTN
what is S3
diastolic filling of ventricle
when is S3 normal
<30
when is S3 abnormal
LV failure, constrictive pericarditis, mitral regurgitation
when is S4 heard
aortic stenosis, HOCM, HTM
what is pulses paraxodus
fall in systolic BP during inspiration –> faint
causes pulses paraxodus
asthma, cardiac tamponade
