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FINALS - CARDIO > infection > Flashcards

infection Flashcards

1
Q

what is acute pericarditis

A

inflammation of pericardial sac lasting less than 4-6 weeks

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2
Q

what infections commonly cause acute pericarditis

A

viral eg coxsackie or TB

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3
Q

what conditions can cause acute pericarditis

A

uraemia // post MI // lupus, RA // hypothyroid // malignancy

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4
Q

features of acute pericarditis

A

chest pain better sitting up // cough, dyspnoae, flu // pericardial rub

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5
Q

what invx should be done for all patients with acute pericarditis

A

echo

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6
Q

what ECG changes are seen with acute pericarditis

A

saddle shaped ST elevation + PR depression

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7
Q

what bloods can be done for acute pericarditis

A

inflamm eg ESR + troponin

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8
Q

what would require inpatient treatment of acute pericarditis

A

troponin spike or temp 38+

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9
Q

1st line mx for acute pericarditis

A

NSAIDS + colchicine

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10
Q

what typically causes constrictive pericarditis

A

any cause of pericarditis but particularly TB

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11
Q

features restrictive pericarditis

A

SOB // RS HF // JVP X + Y // pericardial knock (loud S3) // kussmauls sign - raised JVP on inspiration

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12
Q

invx constrictive pericarditis

A

CXR - calcification

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13
Q

which valve is most commonly affected in endocarditis

A

mitral

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14
Q

RF for developing endocarditis

A

valve problem // rheumatic valve disease // prosthetic valve // congenital heart // IV drugs

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15
Q

what valve in endocarditis is affected in drug users

A

tricuspid

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16
Q

common organisms of endocarditis (4)

A

staph A // strep V // staph epidermis // strep bovis

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17
Q

most common organism for endocarditis + especially in what type of person

A

staph A // IV drug users

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18
Q

what organism causes endocarditis following dental procedure

A

strep viridains

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19
Q

which is the most common organism causing endocarditis immediately after prosthetic valve surgery

A

staph epidermis

20
Q

which is the most common organism causing endocarditis 2 months after prosthetic valve surgery

A

staph aureus

21
Q

which organism for endocarditis is assoc with colorectal cancer

A

strep bovi

22
Q

what non-infective causes of endocarditis

A

SLE // malignancy

23
Q

symptoms endocarditis

A

FROM JANE: fever // roth spots // osler nodes // murmur // janeway legions // aneamia // nail haemorrhage // emboli

24
Q

what procedure would prophylaxis for high risk endocarditis patients

A

GI or gentourinary procedures where there is suspected infection in that area

25
Q

what criteria is used to diagnose endocarditis

A

modified duke

26
Q

what is needed to diagnose endocarditis

A

pathological positive // 2 major criteria // 1 major + 3 minor // 5 minor

27
Q

what atypical group of organisms can cause endocarditis

A

HACEK group (Haemophilus, Actinobacillus, Cardiobacterium, Eikenella, Kingella)

28
Q

invx endocarditis

A

FBC blood cultures (x3) // echo

29
Q

poor prognosis for endocarditis (4)

A

staph A // prosthetic valve // culture negative // low complement levels

30
Q

emperical treatment for native valve endocarditis

A

amox +/- gent

31
Q

emperical treatment for prosthetic valve endocarditis

A

vanco + rifampicin + gent

32
Q

empirical treatment for pen allergy endocarditis

A

vanco + gent

33
Q

treatment native valve endocarditis from staph

A

fluclox // vanco + rifampicin

34
Q

treatment prosthetic valve endocarditis from staph

A

fluclox + rifampicin + gent // vanco + rifampicin + gent

35
Q

mx endocarditis caused by strep

A

pen V // vanco + gent

36
Q

indications for surgery endocarditis (5)

A

valve failure // aortic abscess // resistant to treatment // cardiac failure // recurrent emboli

37
Q

viral causes of myocarditis

A

coxsackie, IV

38
Q

bacterial causes of mycarditis

A

diptheria, clostridia

39
Q

other causes of myocarditis (non viral or vacterial) (4)

A

lymes // chagas or toxoplamsosi // autoimmmune // doxorubicin

40
Q

presentation myocarditis

A

young // acute chest pain // SOB

41
Q

what bloods are seen in myocarditis

A

inflamm // cardiac enzymes // BNP

42
Q

ECG myocarditis

A

tachy // arrhythmia // ST elevation or T wave inversion

43
Q

complications myocarditis

A

HF // arrhythmia // dilated cardiomyopathy

44
Q

how does rheumatic fever develop

A

2-4 weeks after strep pyogenes

45
Q

what is required for rheumatic fever diagnosis

A

evidence of recent strep infection + 2 major criteria OR 1 major + 2 minor

46
Q

major criteria for rheumatic fever (5)

A

erythema // sydenham chorea // arthritis // carditis with valulitis // subcut nodules

47
Q

minor criteria rheumatic fever (4)

A

raised ESR or CRP // pyrexia // arthralgia // prolonged PR

FINALS - CARDIO (17 decks)

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