ECG

Question 1

ECG features of LBBB

Answer 1

WiLLiAM MaRRoW // W in V1 and M in V6

Question 2

what causes LBBB

Answer 2

MI // hypertension // aortic stenosis // cardiomyopathy

Question 3

ECG RBBB

Answer 3

WiLLiaM MaRRoW // M in V1 and W in V6

Question 4

causes of RBBB

Answer 4

normal variant // RV hypertrophy // cor pulmonale // PE // ASD

Question 5

what shows a normal heart axis on an ECG

Answer 5

+ive lead I, +ive aVF

Question 6

what shows a right heart axis on an ECG

Answer 6

-ive lead I, +ive aVF

Question 7

what shows a left heart axis on an ECG

Answer 7

+ive lead I, -ive aVF

Question 8

causes left axis deviation

Answer 8

left anterior hemlock // LBBB // inferior MI // WPW (right sided) // osmium primum ASD // fat

Question 9

causes right axis deviation

Answer 9

RV hypertrophy // cor pulmonale // PE // WPW (left sided)

Question 10

normal variants ECG athletes

Answer 10

bradycardia, junctional, 1st degree + mobitz 1 HB

Question 11

cause increased p wave

Answer 11

cor pulmonale

Question 12

bifid p wave

Answer 12

left atrial enlargement eg mitral stenosis

Question 13

causes prolonged PR

Answer 13

IHD, digoxin, hypoK, rheumatic fever, sarcoid

Question 14

causes short PR

Answer 14

WPW syndrome

Question 15

normal PR interval

Answer 15

0.12-2

Question 16

cause peaked T wave

Answer 16

hyperK, ischaemia

Question 17

causes invertesd T wave

Answer 17

ischaemia, digoxin, SAH, right ventricular cardiomyopathy, PE

Question 18

hypokalaemia ECG

Answer 18

u wave // small T wave // prolonged PR // ST depression // longQT

Question 19

hyperkalaemia ECG

Answer 19

peaked T wave // no p wave // broad QRS // sinusoidal wave // V fib

Question 20

ECG hypothermia

Answer 20

bradycardia // J wave (small hump at QRS) // first degree HB // long QT // arrhythmia

Question 21

what is bifascular block

Answer 21

RBBB + left axis deviation

Question 22

what is trifascular block

Answer 22

RBBB + left axis + heart block

Question 23

what is wellen

Answer 23

LAD stenosis

Question 24

features wellens

Answer 24

deep T inversion V2-3 // minimal ST elevation // no Q wave

Question 25

ECG digoxin

Answer 25

down sloping ST depression // flattened T wave // short QT // arrhythmia

Question 26

ECG LV hypertrophy

Answer 26

sum of R wave in V5-6 >40

Question 27

ECG RV hypertrophy

Answer 27

bifid p wave in lead II

Question 28

causes ST elevation

Answer 28

MI // pericarditis // LV aneurysm .// angina // takotsubo cardiomyopathy // SAH (rare)

Question 29

causes ST depression

Answer 29

abnormal QRS // ischaemia // digoxin // hypoK // syndrome X

Question 30

which leads + artery are anteroseptal

Answer 30

V1-4 // LAD

Question 31

which leads + artery are anterolateral

Answer 31

V1-6 // aVL // proximal LAD

Question 32

which leads + artery are inferior

Answer 32

II, III, aVF // right coronary

Question 33

which leads + artery are lateral

Answer 33

I, aVL, V5-6 // left circumflex

Question 34

which leads + artery are posterior

Answer 34

changes V1-3 // depression!!!, tall T waves // ST elevation in V7-9

Question 35

STEMI ECG

Answer 35

> 2 continuous leads // >2mm in V2-3, >1mm other leads, new LBBB