Topic8GeneMutations Flashcards
What is substitution mutation?
[ALEVEL]
Substitution mutations is when one or more bases substituted in DNA base sequence-which may change AminoAcid.
What is silent mutation?
Silent Mutation is may not change AminoAcid sequence due to Degenerate nature of the genetic code.
Where do other silent mutations occur?
What is another name for Substitution mutation?
What kind of effect occurs?
Silent mutation can also be called neutral mutation.
Other type of silent mutation occurs in introns(non-coding region)
May not have a major effect on organisms as change in tietary structure might be very small.
What is insertion mutation?
What kinds of frameshift occurs?
Insertion mutation is when one or more nucleotides pairs INSERTED into the sequence.
What is deletion mutation?
What frame-shift does it occur?
Deletion mutation is when one or more nucleotide pairs deleted from the sequence.
Frame-shift to the left.
What is Duplication mutation?
What frame-shift does it occur?
[A-LEVEL]
Duplication mutation is where one or more bases repeated and therefore produce a frame-shift
Frame-shift to the right (same as insertion)
What is inversion mutation?
Inversion mutation is where a group of bases become separated from DNA base sequence and re-join at same position BUT IN REVERSE ORDER.
What is Translocation Mutation?
Translocation Mutation is where a group of bases become separated from DNA base sequence on one chromosome and are inserted into DNA sequence on another chromosome.
What is the effect of translocation mutation?
Translocation mutation leads to a significant effect on phenotype as there are DIFFERENT GENES ON DIFFERENT CHROMOSOMES, genes may become NON-FUNCTIONAL
What causes Mutation?
[Hint:3]
1.Spontaneous error during DNA replication
2.Chemical mutagens (Alcohol, tobacco)
3.Ionising Radiation (U.V X-rays)
