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Motion Analysis > Quiz #3 > Flashcards

Quiz #3 Flashcards

1
Q

Vav = _

A

displacement / DELTA t

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2
Q

Rate at which the position is changing

A

velocity

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3
Q

Velocity requires specification of _ and _
- displacement = _ x _

A
  • magnitude & direction
  • Vav x DELTA t
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4
Q

Vav = (Pf-Pi) / (Tf-Ti) OR
Vav = (Pi+1 - Pi) / (Ti+1 - Ti)

A

traditional “between method” of velocity calculation

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5
Q

Velocity is the _ of the Position-Time Graph

A

slope

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6
Q
  • If +, velocity is _
  • If -, velocity is _
  • If 0, velocity is _
A
  • positive
  • negative
  • 0
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7
Q

The greater the slope, the greater the _ _

A

velocity magnitude

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8
Q

Problem with traditional “between method” velocity calculation:
- corresponding time values are _ _ between actual time values
- therefore position and velocity _ _ _

A
  • 1/2 way
  • do not align
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9
Q

Vavi = (pi+1 - Pi-1) / (Ti+1 - Ti-1)

A

First central difference method of velocity calculation (@ velocity method)

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10
Q

@ velocity method:
- allows velocity times to line up
- _ is lost but minimized if DELTA t is small
- does not allow the calculation of the _ or _ _

A
  • sensitivity (accuracy)
  • first or last value
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11
Q

Neither the “between” or the “@” methods provide an _ _

A

instantaneous value

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12
Q

_ _ may only be approached with DELTA t being very small or as DELTA t approaches 0

A

“instantaneous” value

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13
Q

_ _ uses 2 DELTA t and _ _ uses 1 DELTA t therefore the _ method is closer to instantaneous

A
  • @ method
  • between method
  • between
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14
Q

Aav = _

A

DELTA velocity / time

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15
Q

Rate at which velocity is changing

A

acceleration

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16
Q

Acceleration requires specification of _ and _
- DELTA velocity = _ x _

A
  • magnitude & direction
  • Aav x DELTA t
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17
Q

Aav = (Vf-Vi) / (Tf-Ti) OR
Aav = (Vi+1 - Vi) / (Ti+1 - Ti)

A

Traditional “between method” of acceleration calculation

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18
Q

Acceleration is the _ of the Velocity-Time Graph

A

slope

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19
Q
  • If +, acceleration is _
  • If -, acceleration is _
  • If 0, acceleration is _
A
  • positive
  • negative
  • 0
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20
Q

The greater the slope, the greater the acceleration _

A

magnitude

21
Q

Problem with traditional “between method” acceleration calculation:
- corresponding time values are _ _ between actual time values
- therefore velocity values and acceleration values _ _ _

A
  • 1/2 way
  • do not align
22
Q

Aavi = (Vi+1 - Vi-1) / (Ti+1 - Ti-1)

A

First central difference method of computing acceleration (@ acceleration method)

23
Q

@ acceleration method:
- allows the acceleration-time values to line up
- _ is lost but, if DELTA t is small enough sensitivity problems are reduced
- does not allow for the calculation of the _, _, _, or _ acceleration values

A
  • sensitivity (accuracy)
  • first, second, second to last, & last
24
Q
  • A + value for an acceleration does not necessarily mean an _ in velocity
  • A - value for acceleration does not necessarily mean a _ in velocity
A
  • increase
  • decrease
25
Q

Direction: +
Change in Speed: increase (+)
Acceleration: _

A

+

26
Q

Direction: +
Change in Speed: decrease (-)
Acceleration: _

A

-

27
Q

Direction: -
Change in Speed: decrease (-)
Acceleration: _

A

+

28
Q

Direction: -
Change in Speed: increase (+)
Acceleration: _

A

-

29
Q
  • step
  • stride or cycle
  • support or stance
    • single
    • double
    • non
  • swing
A

gait fundamentals

30
Q

Gait:
The interval from one event on one leg until the same event on the same leg following contact

A

1 stride

31
Q

Gait:
A portion of a stride from an event occurring on one leg to the same event occurring on the opposite leg

A

1 step

32
Q

Gait:
- 2 steps = _
- in most instances, the _ _ is the event used

A
  • 1 stride
  • initial contact (heel strike)
33
Q

The quantity of motion and object possesses

A

linear momentum

34
Q

Linear momentum:
L = _
- mass & velocity

A

mV

35
Q

Linear momentum:
Mass doesn’t typically change therefore changes in linear momentum are due to changes in _

A

velocity

36
Q
  1. initial double limb stance
  2. single limb stance
  3. terminal double limb stance
  4. swing
  5. double limb stance
A

gait cycle

37
Q
  • Average velocity
  • stride length
  • cadence
  • stance and swing pahses
A

gait cycle variables

38
Q

Gait cycle variables:
Average velocity
- _ m/s (M: 1.43 m/s, F: 1.28 m/s)
- _ m/min (M: 84-88 m/min, F: 76-77 m/min)
- _ is the minimum healthy velocity

A
  • 1.37 m/s
  • 80-82 m/min
  • 1.2 m/s
39
Q

Gait cycle variables:
Stride length
- _ m (M: 1.46m, F: 1.28m)

A

1.41 m

40
Q

Gait cycle variables:
Cadence
- _ steps/min (M: 111 steps/min, F: 117 steps/min)

A

113 steps/min

41
Q

Gait cycle variables:
Stance and swing phase
- _ stance / _ swing

A

62% stance / 38% swing

42
Q

stride length x 0.5 cadence = _
(V = SL x 0.5C)

A

velocity

43
Q

Gait velocity:
Profile tendencies
- Both SL & SR increase
- Both SR & SL increase approximately linearly from a slow jog until _

A

7 m/s

44
Q

Gait velocity:
Profile tendencies
- with relatively slow pace SL _
- SL can only increase to a _

A
  • increases
  • point
45
Q

Gait velocity:
Profile tendencies
- after 7 m/s increasing _ is the main method of increasing speed
- overall _ is the key to better performance

A
  • SR
  • SR
46
Q
  • Age
  • limb length
  • disease
    • osteoarthritis
    • Parkinson’s
A

gait velocity variability

47
Q

Gait velocity variability:
Age
- older adults overall have a _ variability
- HOA >/= to _

A
  • 14 %
  • 65 year olds
48
Q

Gait velocity variability:
Limb length
- as children age height can account for _ of variability

A

4%

Motion Analysis (14 decks)

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