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Motion Analysis > Quiz #7 > Flashcards

Quiz #7 Flashcards

1
Q

The description of angular motion without regard to its cause

A

angular kinematics

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2
Q

All parts on the object of interest move through the same angle, but do not undergo the same linear displacement

A

angular

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3
Q

Two lines that intersect at a vertex
- vertex (axis, joint)

A

angle

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4
Q

Types of angular motion in human movement

A
  • about an axis through a joint
  • about the center of mass
  • about an external axis
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5
Q

Types of angular motion in human movement
- Each assumes that the axis is _
- Often only have an instantaneous _ _ _

A
  • stationary
  • center of rotation
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6
Q

Angular kinematics units of measurement

A
  • Revolution (rev)
  • Degree (deg)
  • Radian (rad)
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7
Q

1 deg = _ of a revolution

A

1/360

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8
Q

Unit is dimensionless

A

radian

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9
Q

Angular kinematics types of angles

A
  • absolute angles (segment angles)
  • relative angles (joint angles)
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10
Q

Describes the orientation of a segment in space
- in the body, reported with respect to a right horizontal at the distal end of the segment
- counterclockwise (ccw) is positive

A

absolute angle

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11
Q

Theta = tan^-1 ((Yproximal - Ydistal) / (Xproximal - Xdistal))

A

absolute angle

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12
Q

Describes the orientation of a joint in space
- Reported as the acute angle
- Counterclockwise (ccw) is positive

A

Relative angle

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13
Q

May be computed using:
- Law of cosines
- Biomechanical (using segment angles)

A

relative angle

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14
Q

May be computed by knowing the coordinates of the proximal and distal end of the segment

A

absolute angle

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15
Q

Relative angle
- assumes anatomical = 0 degrees
- provides the amount of movement from anatomical position

A

Segment angles (biomechanical angle)

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16
Q

Relative angle: using biomechanical angles (segment angles)
- Hip
- Theta hip = _

A

Theta hip = Theta thigh - Theta trunk

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17
Q

Relative angle: using biomechanical angles (segment angles)
- Hip
- if Theta hip = 0 then thigh and trunk are _

A

aligned

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18
Q

Relative angle: using biomechanical angles (segment angles)
- Hip
- if Theta hip > 0 then hip is _

A

flexed

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19
Q

Relative angle: using biomechanical angles (segment angles)
- Hip
- if Theta hip < 0 then hip is _

A

extended

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20
Q

Relative angle: using biomechanical angles (segment angles)
- Hip
- In walking Theta hip oscillates _ _ _
- In running Theta hip oscillates _ _ _

A
  • 20 deg about 0
  • 35 deg about 0
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21
Q

Relative angle: using biomechanical angles (segment angles)
- Knee
- Theta knee = _

A

Theta knee = Theta thigh - Theta shank

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22
Q

Relative angle: using biomechanical angles (segment angles)
- Knee
- If Theta knee = 0 then thigh and shank are _

A

aligned

23
Q

Relative angle: using biomechanical angles (segment angles)
- Knee
- If Theta knee > 0 then knee is _

A

flexed

24
Q

Relative angle: using biomechanical angles (segment angles)
- Knee
- If Theta knee < 0 then knee is _

A

extended (hyperextended)

25
Q

Relative angle: using biomechanical angles (segment angles)
- Knee
- If Theta knee decreases the knee is -

A

extending

26
Q

Relative angle: using biomechanical angles (segment angles)
- Knee
- In walking Theta knee oscillates _
- In running Theta knee oscillates _

A
  • 0-50 deg
  • 0-80 deg
27
Q

Relative angle: using biomechanical angles (segment angles)
- Ankle
- Theta ankle = _

A

Theta ankle = Theta foot - Theta shank - 90

28
Q

Relative angle: using biomechanical angles (segment angles)
- Ankle
- If Theta ankle = 0 then shank and foot are _

A

perpendicular

29
Q

Relative angle: using biomechanical angles (segment angles)
- Ankle
- If Theta ankle > 0 then ankle is _

A

dorsiflexed

30
Q

Relative angle: using biomechanical angles (segment angles)
- Ankle
- If Theta ankle < 0 then ankle is _

A

plantarflexed

31
Q

Relative angle: using biomechanical angles (segment angles)
- Ankle
- In walking Theta ankle oscillates _ _ _
- In running Theta ankle oscillates _ _ _

A
  • 20 deg about 0
  • 35 deg about 0
32
Q

Relative angle: using biomechanical angles (segment angles)
- Rearfoot angle (motion of subtalar joint in frontal plane)
- Theta RF = _

A

Theta RF = Theta shank - Theta calcaneus

33
Q

Relative angle: using biomechanical angles (segment angles)
- Rearfoot angle (motion of subtalar joint in frontal plane)
- If Theta RF = 0 then shank and calcaneus are _

A

neutral

34
Q

Relative angle: using biomechanical angles (segment angles)
- Rearfoot angle (motion of subtalar joint in frontal plane)
- If Theta RF > 0 then the rearfoot is _

A

inverted

35
Q

Relative angle: using biomechanical angles (segment angles)
- Rearfoot angle (motion of subtalar joint in frontal plane)
- If Theta RF < 0 then the rearfoot is _

A

everted

36
Q

Relative angle: using biomechanical angles (segment angles)
- Rearfoot angle (motion of subtalar joint in frontal plane)
- During gait the value generally at contact is _ and moves toward neutral and possible _
- After midstance it moves toward _

A
  • inverted (+), everted (-)
  • inverted (+)
37
Q

Relative angle
- assumes anatomical = 180 deg
- provides body position

A

Law of cosines

38
Q

Theta = cos^-1 ((a^2 - b^2 - c^2) / (-2bc))

A

law of cosines

39
Q

Know how to do absolute angle using tangent calculation

A

Tan^-1 ((Yp - Yd) / (Xp-Xd))

40
Q

Know how to do relative angle using biomechanical calculations

A
  • Theta hip = Theta thigh - Theta trunk
  • Theta knee = Theta thigh - Theta shank
  • Theta ankle = Theta foot - Theta shank - 90
  • Theta RF = Theta shank - Theta calcaneus
41
Q
  • Angular distance
  • Angular displacement
  • Angular speed
  • Angular velocity
  • Angular acceleration
A

Kinematic descriptors

42
Q

The study of the cause of motion in which all points on the object of interest move through the same displacement in the same time

A

Linear kinetics

43
Q

The study of linear forces

A

linear kinetics

44
Q

Linear kinetics:
Important from a _ perspective
- Helps identify why injuries occur and how to prevent them
- Helps direct conditioning, training & rehabilitation programs

A

biomechanical

45
Q

Any interaction between two objects that causes or has the potential to cause an acceleration

A

Force

46
Q

Measured in Newtons (N) = Kg m/s^2

A

Force

47
Q

Properties of _
- magnitude
- direction
- point of application
- line of action

A

force

48
Q

Linear kinetics:
Governed by three basic laws (Principi, sir Isaac Newton, 1687)

A
  • first law - law of inertia
  • second law - a = ZF / m, ZF = ma
  • third law - action - reaction
49
Q

Linear kinetics:
Types of forces

A
  • non contact
  • contact
50
Q

Linear Kinetics:
Types of forces
- Non contact = _

A

gravity

51
Q

The force of gravity is inversely proportional to the square of the distance between attracting objects and proportional to the product of their masses

A

law of gravitation

52
Q

Fg = (Gm1m2)/r^2
- G = _

A

universal gravitational constant = 6.67*10^-11 Nm^2/kg^2

53
Q

Linear kinetics:
Types of forces
- Direct interaction of two or more objects
- Ground reaction forces, external forces, friction, fluid, resistance, joint reaction, inertial forces, muscle forces, elastic forces

A

contact

Motion Analysis (14 decks)

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