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SS - Exam 1 > Radio - Spine > Flashcards

Radio - Spine Flashcards

1
Q

Block vertebrae

A

Fusion of two adjacent vertebrae
(Lacks intervertebral disk)
Usually stable with no clinical signs

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2
Q

Developing a Block vertebra

A

Results of failure of proper segmentation during embryogenesis

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3
Q

Partial Block vertebrae

A

Partial blocking can occur with partial development of vertebral disk

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4
Q

Hemivertebrae development

A

Due to failure of segmentation or malformation or displacement during embryogenesis
OR failure of ossification of vertebral bodies

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5
Q

Hemivertebrae common breeds

A

Boston terriers
English bulldogs
Pugs

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6
Q

Hemivertebrae - radio findings

A

Abnormal shaped vert bodies
Smaller vert bodies
Overall curvature of the spine

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7
Q

Butterfly vertebrae

A

Sagittal cleft vertebra
Failure of fusion of lateral half’s

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8
Q

Transitional vertebrae

A

Anomalous vert formation at junctions of major spinal regions (transitions of regions)

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9
Q

Transitional vertebrae junctions

A

TL junctions
LS junctions
Sacralization of L7
Lumbarization of S1

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10
Q

Transitional vertebrae - TL junction

A

TL junctions
- incomplete or lack of formation of one or both T13 ribs
- ribs formed in place of transverse process on L1

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11
Q

Transitional vertebrae - LS junction

A

LS junctions
Sacralization of L7
- complete for partial fusion of L7 to the body of sacrum
Lumbarization of S1
- development of transverse processes & intervertebral disc between S1 and S2

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12
Q

Lordosis

A

LOW, ventral deviation of spine

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13
Q

Kyphosis

A

Ky high
Dorsal deviation of spine

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14
Q

Scoliosis

A

Lateral deviation of spine

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15
Q

Spina bifida

A

Congenital failure of development of vertebral arch
Splitting of spinous process (radio findings)

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16
Q

Spina bifida

A

Can be associated with neural tube defects

17
Q

Atlantoaxial instability

A

Increased distance between dorsal spinous process of C2 and dorsal arch C1

18
Q

Radio findings with atlantoaxial instability

A

Dorsal caudal displacement of C2
Abnormalities in dens (where important ligaments attach)
- fractures
- agenesis
- hypoplasia

19
Q

Dens displacement

A

Dorsal process of dens can deviate upwards and penetrate or pressure the ventral aspect of the spinal cord

20
Q

Discospondylitis

A

Infectious disease
Forms in endplates lysis !!! Hallmark feature
sclerosis, intervertebral space can collapse
New bone formation/deformans

21
Q

Hallmark feature of discospondylitis

A

Inter Endplate lysis

22
Q

Spondylitis

A

Secondary to infection or tumor
Hallmark - bony proliforation at ventral aspect of ventral body
May involve more than one vertebral body

23
Q

Spondylosis deformans

A

Clinically insignificant
Age related change in animals
Bony proliferation that extends from one vertebrae to the other - usually ventrally (annulus fibrosis)

24
Q

Vertebral tumor

A

Will present as an aggressive bony leasing
- osteoclastic or osteolytic
Primary or metastatic

25
Q

Distribution of primary bone tumors

A

Typically monostotic

26
Q

Polyostotic tumors

A

Mean they’re usually secondary and metastatic

27
Q

Multiple myeloma

A

Plasma cell tumor, arises from bone marrow
Hallmark feature - multiple moth-eaten lysis
Common feature & tumor of the axial skeleton

28
Q

IDD

A

Intervertebral disc disease

29
Q

Anatomic features of IDD

A

Annulus - outer layer
Nucleus pulposa - inner softer layer
Herniation will occur dorsally into the neural canal = paralysis

30
Q

Inter capital ligament

A

Found in cranial thoracic spine, connects from one rib head to the other.
This ligament runs on top of the nucleus pulposus and makes herniation from T1-10 more rare

31
Q

Hall mark for disc herniation

A

Collapsed intervertebral space
Smaller intervertebral foramen (increased olpacity)

32
Q

Shape of vertebrae in IDE

A

Narrowed /wedged intervertebral disc space in herniation

33
Q

Secondary changes with IDE

A

Narrowed intervertebral space
Sclerosis of adjacent endplates

34
Q

Myelogram

A

Spinal in subarachnoid space and injecting contrast
Can show where spinal cord is = reveal compressive lesion

35
Q

neurologic diseases localized to the brain

A

Masses
Dilated ventricular system (hydrocephalus)
Multi focal lesion - inflammatory/infections, hemorrhage
Trauma - skull fractures

36
Q

Muscle atrophy in Brian

A

Denervation and rapid atrophy indicates a nerve sheath tumor

37
Q

Glioma

A

Inter axial tumors

38
Q

MRI vs ct for brain lesion

A

MRI are much more sensitive, much less conspicuous in appearance than a CT

SS - Exam 1 (33 decks)

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