Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

SS - Exam 1 > CN Peripheral Distribution > Flashcards

CN Peripheral Distribution Flashcards

1
Q

CN I function & associated foramen of skull

A

Olfactory nerve
Special sensory - smell
Cribriform plate

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

CN I Located in periphery

A

Neuronal cell bodies in the mucosa of caudal nasal cavity (ethmoid concha) & vomeronasal organ
Axons pass through Cribriform plate to olfactory bulb

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

CN I Location in dissection

A

Nerve is not seen. Ethmoid turbinates are seen in the caudal nasal cavity & vomeronasal organ is seen on transverse section of rostral nose on dorsal hard palate

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

CN I
Test CN function
Describe function of CN

A

Response to smelly substances
Loss of smell

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

CN II Function
Associated foramen in skull

A

Optic nerve
Special sensory - sight
Optic canal

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

CN II - Location in periphery

A

Optic nerve is located within the periorbita deep to the slips of the retractor bulbi muscle. The optic disc is present on the retina on the internal surface of caudal ocular globe

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

CN II -Location in dissection

A

Optic nerve is seen within the periobita deep to the slips of the retractor bulbi muscle. The optic disk is seen on the retina on the internal surface of the caudal ocular globe

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

CN II -
Test CN function
Describe dysfunction of CN

A

Ability to track an object tossed in sight line
PLR, menace response
Blind, no PLR, no menace response

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

PLR test

A
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Menace response

A
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

CN III function, foramen in skull

A

Oculomotor nerve
Somatic motor, parasymapthetic

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Somatic motor - CN III

A

Rectus muscle - dorsal, ventral, medial
Ventral oblique muscle
Levator palpebrae superioris muscle

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Parasympathetic motor - CN III

A

Iris constrictor muscle
- pupil constriction (miosis)
Ciliary body
- lens accommodation for near vision

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

CN III - associated foramen in skull

A

Orbital fissure
Foramen orbitorotundum - ox

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

CN III - location in periphery

A

Oculomotor nerve is located within periorbita, deep to the retractor bulbi muscle & ventral to the optic nerve
Ciliary ganglion (parasympathetic ganglion of CN III) is located along the Oculomotor nerve ventral to optic nerve

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

CN III - location in dissection

A

The ciliary ganglion can be seen ventral to the optic nerve

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

CN III - testing function

A

Assess the globe for normal position & movement; look for ventral lateral strabismus.
PLR - the parasympathetic component of CN II is efferent nerve. Intact PLR’s indicate intact Oculomotor nerve

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

CN III - signs of dysfunction

A

Ventrolateral strabismus
Dilated pupil

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

CN IV - function, foramen of skull

A

Trochlear nerve
Somatic motor - dorsal oblique muscle

Orbital fissure
Foramen orbitorotundum - ruminant

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

CN IV - location in periphery
Location in dissection

A

Trochlear nerve is located within the periorbita entering the dorsal oblique muscle
Nerve and muscle are both located medially within the periorbita and neither are typically seen

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

CN IV - testing function

A

Assess the globe for normal position and movement; look for rotation of globe (extorsion)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

CN IV - signs of dysfunction

A

Rotation of globe so dorsal aspect of globe is rotated laterally (visible in animals w non-circular pupils, cat or small rum) visible on fundic evaluation of retinal vessels

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

CN V - name & branches

A

Trigeminal nerve
- ophthalmic nerve
- maxillary nerve
- mandibular nerve

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

CN V - function

A

Somatic motor - mandibular nerve
Regular sensory - ophthalmic, maxillary & mandibular n

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

CN V - ophthalmic n branch function

A

Ophthalmic - regular sensory
- nasal cavity
- ocular globe
- medial canthus /upper eyelid & orbit
- Forehead

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
26
Q

CN V - maxillary branch function

A

Maxillary branch - regular sensory
- nose & nasal cavity
- upper jaw, upper dental arcade
- hard & soft palates
- lateral canthus/lower eyelid & orbit

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
27
Q

CN V - mandibular branch function (somatic)

A

Mandibular nerve - somatic motor
- muscles of mastication (temporalis, masseter, pterygoids, rostral belly of digastricus)
Mylohyoideus muscle

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
28
Q

CN V - mandibular branch function (regular sensory)

A

Lower jaw, lower dental arcade - inferior alveolar nerve, mental nerve
Tongue, rostral 2/3 - lingual nerve
Lateral face & ear - Auriculotemporal nerve

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
29
Q

CN V - trigeminal & ophthalmic - foramen in skull

A

Trigeminal nerve - trigeminal foramen
Ophthalmic nerve - orbital fissure, foramen orbitorotundum - ruminant
-Supraorbital foramen is entrance of Supraorbital nerve (clin sign in horse)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
30
Q

CN V - maxillary branch foramen in skull

A

Round foramen, alar canal, rostral alar foramen - dog, EQ
Round foramen - cat
Foramen orbitorotundum - ruminant
Other - infraorbital nerve - maxillary foramen, infraorbital canal, infraorbital foramen

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
31
Q

CN V - mandibular nerve foramen association

A

Oval foramen
Foramen lacerum - EQ
Other -
inferior alveolar nerve - mandibular foramen, mandibular canal
Mental nerve - mental foramen

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
32
Q

CN V - ophthalmic branch location in periphery

A

Within periorbita
Within nasal cavity
To medial & dorsal orbit
To forehead - Supraorbital nerve
To horn of small ruminants - cornual branch of infratrochlear nerve

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
33
Q

CN V - maxillary nerve branch location in periphery

A

Within periorbita - zygomatic nerve
To lateral and ventral orbit
To horn - cornual branch of zygomaticotemporal nerve
Within nasal cavity
To upper jaw - infraorbital nerve, superior alveolar nerve

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
34
Q

CN V - mandibular branch location in periphery

A

To lateral face & ear - Auriculotemporal nerve
To muscles of mastication
To lower jaw - inferior alveolar nerve, inferior alveolar nerve, mental nerve
To tongue - lingual nerve
To skin and muscle of inter mandibular space - myelohyoid nerve

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
35
Q

CN V - ophthalmic branch location in dissection

A

Branches are seen but not identified within periorbita
Ophthalmic - nasocillary - infratrochlear n - cornual n (Small rum)
In superficial dissection, seen passing from medial horn to medial canthus
Frontal n - Supraorbital n - clin sign in horses -

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
36
Q

clinical significance of Supraorbital nerve in horses

A

Branch provides sensory nerves to upper eyelid

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
37
Q

CN V - maxillary branch location in lateral dissection

A

In deep dissection of lateral side of head
Lateral surface of pterygoid muscle
Maxillary n - zygomatic n - zygomaticotemoral n - cornual n in ruminants

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
38
Q

CN V - maxillary location in superficial dissection

A

Seen crossing temporal line in ox, passing from lateral horn to caudal orbit
Pterygopalatine - caudal nasal, major palatine, minor palatine
Infraorbital - enters maxillary foramen contributes through infraorbital canal, exits the infraorbital foramen where its seen lateral on rostral maxilla

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
39
Q

FYI zygomaticotemporal branch

A

zygomaticotemoral is branch of ophthalmic in horse

40
Q

CN V - mandibular nerve location in superficial dissection

A

Auriculotemporal nerve emerges caudal to masseter muscle. Branch of Auriculotemporal often joins the dorsal Buccal branch of the facial nerve

41
Q

CN V - mandibular location in deep dissection

A

On lateral surface of pterygoid muscle caudal to maxillary nerve. Branches to the muscles of mastication
Buccal n travels rostrally to cheek
Lingual, inferior alveolar enters the mandibular foramen, passes through the mandibular canal
Inferior alveolar branch from inferior alveolar nerve within mandibular canal
Mental - branches of inferior alveolar exit mental foramina on lateral aspect of chin
Mylohyoid (most caudal)

42
Q

CN V - testing function of ophthalmic branch

A

Afferent nerve of palpebral reflex - test for sensation of medial/upper eyelid, forehead
Afferent nerve of corneal reflex - test for sensation of ocular globe

43
Q

CN V - testing function of maxillary nerve

A

Afferent nerve of palpebral reflex - test for sensation of lateral canthus/lower eyelid. Test for sensation to skin of maxilla, nostrils, oral cavity by response to touch

44
Q

CN V - testing function of mandibular nerve

A

Assess motor function of muscles of mastication (temporalis, masseter) muscle atrophy, jaw tone, dropped jaw
Test for sensation to skin of lower jaw by response to touch

45
Q

CN V - dysfunction

A

Decreased sensation of face (ophthalmic, max, man)
Atrophy of muscles of mastication (mandibular)
Dropped jaw, decreased jaw tone (mandibular)

46
Q

CN VI - name, function, associated foramen

A

Abducens
Somatic motor - lateral rectus muscle & retractor bulbi
Orbital fissure, foramen orbitorotundum - ox

47
Q

CN VI - location in periphery and dissection

A

Within periorbita
Nerve is seen entering the caudodorsal aspect of lateral rectus muscle

48
Q

CN VI - testing function & signs of dysfunction

A

Asses globe for normal position & movement; look for medial strabismus of globe
Medial strabismus

49
Q

CN VII - name, function

A

Facial
Somatic motor, regular sensory, special sensory, parasympathetic

50
Q

CN VII - somatic motor supply

A

All muscles of facial expression - face, lips, ears, eyes, EXCEPT Levator palpabrae superiors
- dorsal/ventral Buccal branches of CN VII
Auriculopalebral n

51
Q

CN VII - regular sensory

A

Concave surface of pinna of ear

52
Q

CN VII - special sense

A

Taste, rostral 2/3 of tongue

53
Q

CN VII - parasympathetic function

A

Salivary glands
Lacrimal gland
Other mucosal glands of the head

54
Q

CN VII - foramen in skull

A

Inside cranium, facial nerve passes through internal acoustic meatus, facial canal & middle ear. Externally it passes through the stylomastoid foramen

55
Q

CN VII - location of motor branches in periphery

A

Motor branches on lateral face of muscles of facial expression
- dorsal branch br of facial n
- ventral Buccal br of facial n
- auriculopalpebral n

56
Q

CN VII - special sensory branches in periphery

A

Chordae tympani of CN VII travels with the lingual n of CN V (V3/mandibular) to tongue

57
Q

CN VII - parasympathetic branches in periphery

A

Branches to salivary glands, mucosal glands, lacrimal glands
Travels w ophthalmic branch of CN V to lacrimal gland
Travels w maxillary branch of CN V to mucosal glands
Travels with mandibular branch of CN V to salivary glands
Pterygopalantine ganglion - paras ganglion

58
Q

CN VII - location in superficial dissection on lateral side

A

Three branches of facial nerve - dorsal Buccal branch of facial nerve, ventral Buccal branch of facial nerve, auriculopalpebral nerve are located emerging from under the rostral aspect of the parotid salivary gland. Buccal branches cross the masseter m and Auriculotemporal goes dorsally to forehead. In rum, ventral Buccal branch follows ventral border of masseter m

59
Q

CN VII - location of nerve in deep lateral dissection

A

Pterygopalantine ganglion - deep to maxillary nerve where the maxillary nerve crosses the ptyergoid muscle in the pterygopalantine fossa

60
Q

CN VII - testing function

A

Assess motor function - facial symmetry, flaccid facial m, slack eyelids/lips, deviation of Philtrum.
Efferent nerve of palpebral reflex & menace response - ability to blink (motor to orbicular oculi m)
Sensation of concave surface of pinna - touch hairs of pinna = ear twitch
Tear production w schirmer tear test

61
Q

CN VII - signs of dysfunction

A

Flaccid facial muscels, slack eyelids, lips, deviation of Philtrum, lack of blinking
Lack of ear twitch, decreased taste, decreased tear production, decreased salivation

62
Q

CN VIII - name, function, associated foramen

A

Vestibulocochlear
Special sensory - hearing, balance
Internal acoustic meatus

63
Q

CN VIII - location in periphery & dissection

A

Within the petrous temporal bone
CN VIII is not visible in dissection

64
Q

CN VIII - testing function & signs of dysfunction

A

Assess ability to hear by response to sounds
Deaf, head tilt, ataxia, nystagmus

65
Q

CN XI - name, function, associated foramen

A

Glossopharyngeal n
Somatic motor, regular sensory, special sensory, parasympathetic
Tympano-occipital fissure

66
Q

CN XI - somatic motor

A

Striated pharyngeal m, in conjunction w CN X (pharyngeal plexus)

67
Q

CN XI - regular sensory

A

Pharynx
Caudal 1/3 tongue (roof of tongue)
Carotid body

68
Q

CN XI - special sensory

A

Taste on caudal 1/3 of tongue

69
Q

CN XI - parasympathetic function

A

Salivary glands

70
Q

CN XI - location in periphery

A

Motor & regular branches to pharynx
Regular sensory to tongue (ca 1/3)
Special sensory to tongue (ca 1/3)
Parasympathetic to salivary glands - travels w branches of CN V

71
Q

CN XI - location in lateral deep dissection

A

Glossopharyngeal is most rostral to group passing through tympanic-occipital fissure. Nerve & br can be followed directly to pharyngeal muscles. Glossopharyngeal may lie adjacent to pharyngeal br of vagus nerve leaving distal ganglion of vagus

72
Q

CN XI - location in medial dissection

A

Deep to insertion of longus capitis, CN XI crosses cranial cervical ganglion on lateral side of ganglion. Branches of nerve go directly to pharyngeal muscles. May lie adjacent to pharyngeal br of vagus nerve leaving the distal ganglion of the vagus.

73
Q

CN XI - testing function, signs of dysfunction

A

Afferent & efferent w gag reflex (in conjunction w CN X) assess sensation by touching oro/laryngopharynx
Decreased ability to swallow efficiently
Decreased salivation

74
Q

CN X - name and function

A

Vagus
Somatic motor, regular sensory, special sensory, parasympathetic

75
Q

CN X - somatic motor

A

Pharynx
Larynx (cranial & caudal laryngeal n)
Esophagus

76
Q

CN X - regular sensory

A

Pharynx
Larynx
Esophagus

77
Q

CN X - special sensory

A

Taste on base of tongue and epiglottis

78
Q

CN X - parasympathetic function

A

Organs & blood vessels of neck, thorax, abdomen

79
Q

CN X - foramen in skull

A

Tympano-occipital fissure

80
Q

CN X - location in periphery

A

Motor & regular sensory branches to pharynx, larynx, esophagus
Special sensory branches to base of tongue & epiglottis
Component of vagosympathetic trunk that travels in carotid sheath next to esophagus/trachea in neck to thorax

81
Q

CN X - location in periphery (thorax)

A

In thorax, gives rise to recurrent laryngeal nerve (somatic motor) cardiac and pulmonary nerve (paras) & dorsal/ventral vagus trunks (paras). Dorsal & ventral vagal trunks travel to viscera of abdomen distally to left colic flexure (paras)

82
Q

CN X - location in deep dissection on lateral side

A

Distal ganglion of vagus is adjacent to cranial cervical ganglion of sympathetic trunk & caudal to glossopharyngeal
Branches of vagus contribute to pharyngeal plexus
Vagosympathetic trunk is located in the neck w carotid sheath
Recurrent laryngeal n travels cranially along the Dorso lateral aspects of trachea & passes & terminates at larynx as caudal laryngeal nerve

83
Q

CN X - location in medial dissection

A

Distal ganglion of vagus is located underneath (superficial) to insertion of longus capitis muscle & adjacent to cranial cervical ganglion of sympathetic trunk

84
Q

CN X - location in neck dissection

A

Vagus nerve travels in conjunction w sympathetic trunk as the vagosympathetic trunk. Nerve is located in carotid sheath, extending along the lateral aspect of the esophagus/trachea to thoracic inlet

85
Q

CN X - location in thorax dissection

A

Vagus n lies in mediastinum going cranial to caudal, dorsal to the base of heart. The caudal aspect of the heart + thoracic esophagus, vagus divides into dorsal and ventral branches. Ventral branches of R/L vagus join to form and unpaired ventral vagal trunk. Dorsal branches of R/L vagus join to form the unpaired dorsal vagal trunks. Trunks continue along ventral and dorsal aspects of esophagus through hiatus to abdomen

86
Q

CN X - location in abdominal dissection

A

Ventral and dorsal vagal trunks are seen on stomach & branches of dorsal vagal trunks, then contribute to the celiacomesenteric ganglion. Branches of vagal trunk travel through the abdomen but aren’t visible

87
Q

CN X - testing function

A

Afferent & efferent n of gag reflex (in conjunction with CN IX) assess sensation by touching the oro/laryngopharynx & assess motor function by presence of gagging/swallowing

88
Q

CN X - signs of dysfunction

A

Decreased ability to swallow
Laryngeal paralysis
Cardiac & GI dysfunction

89
Q

CN XI - name and function

A

Accessory nerve
Somatic motor - dorsal & ventral branches

90
Q

CN XI - dorsal branch supply

A

Brachiocephalicus muscle (cleidocephalicus m)
Omotransversarius m
Trapezius m

91
Q

CN XI - ventral branch supply

A

Sternocephalicus muscle

92
Q

CN XI - associated foramen in skull, location in periphery

A

Tympano-occipital fissure
Along neck to innervate the branchiocephalicus, omotransversarius, trapezius, sternocephalicus muscle

93
Q

CN XI - location in dissection

A

Dorsal branch emerges superficially at wing of atlas & passes deep to brachiocephlaicus and omotransversarius to the trapezius muscle.
Ventral branch enters the cranial portion of the Sternocephalicus m

94
Q

CN XI - signs of dysfunction

A

Atrophy of the brachiocephalicus, omotransversarius, trapezius m
Atrophy of Sternocephalicus m

95
Q

CN XII - name & function

A

Hypoglossal nerve
Somatic motor function
Intrinsic muscles of tongue
Extrinsic muscles of tongue

SS - Exam 1 (33 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions