13. European Renaissance Flashcards
(38 cards)
1
Q
Renaissance term meaning
A
- Renaissance means rebirth, and refers to a revival of art and learning
2
Q
Where did the Renaissance movement begin?
A
- Northern Italy city states like Florence, Milan, Mantua, and Genoa
3
Q
3 reasons the Renaissance started in Northern Italy?
A
- Thriving cities
- Wealthy merchant class
- Classical heritage of Greece + Rome
4
Q
What led to the growth of city-states in Italy?
A
- Overseas trade (Mediterranean) with Middle East spurred by the Crusades led to the growth of large city-states in northern Italy
5
Q
Florence: Italian city state
A
- Republic, but then Cosimo de Medici turned it into a dictatorship for 30 years
- Birthplace of the Renaissance
6
Q
Geographical benefits of northern Italian cities like Florence, Venice, Genoa
A
- The region was urban and cities were often places where ppl exchange ideas
- City states were also small, so more ppl could be involved in political life
7
Q
Secular
A
- Worldly (concerned w/ present) rather than spiritual
- Some church leaders lived lavishly (mansions, lavish banquets, expensive clothes)
- Separate from religion
8
Q
The Medici
A
- A powerful banking family from Florence, Italy that ruled Florence and has branch offices in Italy and European cities
- Cosimo de Medici was dictator of Florence
9
Q
Humanism
A
- An intellectual movement that focused on human potential and achievements
10
Q
What did humanists believe in?
A
- Humanists believed in studying Christian teaching to understand ancient Greek values
11
Q
Subjects common to classical education
A
- History, literature, philosophy
12
Q
Patrons
A
- Financially supporting the arts by buying art from artists or donating art to the city
13
Q
Vernacular
A
- Writing in your native language instead of Latin
14
Q
Niccolo Machiavelli
A
- A historian and political thinker
- Wrote “The Prince”.
15
Q
The Prince
A
- A political guidebook that examines how a ruler can gain + keep power in spite of enemies.
- Not concerned with what’s morally right, but what’s politically effective
- Vvv cold + psychopathic view
- Written by Niccolo Machiavelli
16
Q
General time period of the Renaissance
A
1300-1600
17
Q
Renaissance art vs. Medieval art
A
- Medieval art: Used religious subjects to convey a spiritual ideal
- Renaissance art: Often portrayed religious subjects but used a realistic style + used 3D perspective
18
Q
Leonardo Da Vinci
A
- Was interested in how things worked and many other things, so he was aka the ideal Renaissance man
- Painted the “Mona Lisa” and “The Last Supper”
19
Q
Michelangelo
A
- Famous for portrayal of the human body
- Sculpted David, and painted the ceiling of the Sistine Chapel
20
Q
Describe Renaissance art through Mona Lisa + David
A
- Mona Lisa: Shows realism: what ppl really looked like
- David: Influenced by Ancient Greek + Roman classical statues
21
Q
Petrarch’s role in the Renaissance
A
- Father of Renaissance humanism
- One of the earliest and most influential humanists
22
Q
Where did the Northern Renaissance take place?
A
- Northern Europe
- England, France, Germany, and Flanders
23
Q
Renaissance spirit
A
- Interest in classical culture
- Curiosity about the world
- Belief in human potential
24
Q
Difference between Northern Europe and Italy
A
- Italy: Divided into city states
- England + France: Unified by strong monarchs that were patrons of the arts
25
How did the ideas of the Italian Renaissance spread to Northern Europe?
- A French king launched an invasion thru northern Italy, and many artists and writers immigrated.
26
Desiderius Erasmus
- Well-known Christian humanist from Holland
- He believed in improving society by studying the Bible, and Christianity of the ❤️
- Wrote the Praise of Folly
27
The Praise of Folly
- Written by Christian humanist Erasmus
| - It poked fun at greedy merchants, heartsick lovers, quarrelsome scholars, and pompous priests
28
Sir Thomas More
- He was a Christian humanist from England.
| - Wrote the book Utopia
29
Utopia- Book and meaning
- "No place" in Greek
| - Sir Thomas More's "Utopia": A place where greed, corruption, and war has been weeded out
30
What did Northern Renaissance artists portray in their paintings?
- Realism
31
Johann Gutenberg
- A craftsman from Mainz, Germany that developed a printing press in 1440.
- Made it possible to produce books quickly and cheaply.
32
Movable type
- Letters that could be put together in any fashion and reused.
- Was a Chinese idea
33
2 ways that the European development of printing with movable type impacted society
1. Made books cheaper
| 2. Increased book variety: religious works to travel guides + medical manuals
34
3 ways that European society during the Renaissance differed from medieval society
1. Birth of Humanism
2. More realistic art
3. Printing made info more available and books cheaper
35
Christian Humanism
- Focus on church's reformation
| - Combined humanist ideals with Christian teachings
36
Italian Humanists
- More secular, and more concerned w/ the study of Greek and Latin
37
Humanism was inspired by...
Humanism was inspired by Classical Greece/ Rome
37
Humanism in general focused on...
Humanism in general focused on the individual, not as much on the church
