5. Ancient Rome

Question 1

In reality, men chose to build the city there for its

Answer 1

In reality, men chose to build the city there for its location on ITALIAN PENINSULA and FERTILE SOIL for farming

Question 2

Who were the first Romans?

Answer 2

From 1,000- 500 BC, LEG (Latins, Etruscans, and Greeks) lived there.

Question 3

Latins early settlers

Answer 3

Latins built original settlements at Rome, a cluster of wooden huts atop 1/7 hills, Palatine Hill.

Question 4

Where were Etruscans native to? Skills? Influence on Roman civilization?

Answer 4

Etruscans were native to northern Italy.
They were skilled engineers + metalworkers.
Influenced Roman civilization through the alphabet and architecture.

Question 5

Forum

Answer 5

The heart of Roman political life and a gov’t building.

Question 6

Tarquin the Proud

Answer 6

The last king of Rome/tyrant. Driven from power in 509 BC.

Question 7

Plebeians

Answer 7

The common FAM (farmers, artisans, and merchants) who were the majority of the population.
Citizens of Rome with a right to vote.

Question 8

Tribunes

Answer 8

Representatives that plebeians elected to protect their rights from salty patricians.

Question 9

Twelve Tables

Answer 9

In 451 BC, 10 officials carved Rome’s laws onto 12 tablets. Basis for later Roman law. Est. idea that all free citizens were protected by the law.

Question 10

Consuls

Answer 10

In Republican gov’t, 2 officials that controlled the army and directed the gov’t.

Question 11

Senate

Answer 11

Aristocratic branch of Rome’s gov’t, 300 members from upper class, legislative and adminis. functions.

A3LAF

Question 12

Dictator

Answer 12

Leader= absolute power to make laws + command army. lasted for 6 months

Question 13

Legions

Answer 13

The large military units Roman soldiers were organized in.

Question 14

Romulus + Remus

Answer 14

Twin sons of God Mars and Latin princess. Founded Rome in 753 BC.

Question 15

Pax Romana. Time period?When did it end?

Answer 15

Rome’s golden age (peace+prosperity) under Augustus from 27 BCE- 180 CE.
Ended w/ Marcus Aurelius

Question 16

First Triumvirate

Answer 16

Caesar- consul
Crassus- rich patrician
Pompey- general (later rekt by J)

Question 17

Carthage

Answer 17

City in Tunisia - North Africa

Question 18

Punic Wars span, cause + effect

Answer 18

Spanned from 264 BCE - 146 BCE.
Caused by rivalry over Sicily.
Effect was Carthage rekt + Rome master of Mediterranean

Question 19

Hannibal

Answer 19

He was a Carthage general, and led army through Alps, and invaded the Italian Peninsula in the 2nd Punic War 10 years.

Question 20

The New Testament

Answer 20

Accounts of life + teachings of Jesus, and early Christian writings.

Question 21

Apostles, Example of 1?

Answer 21

12 men whom carried the message of Christianity throughout Rome.

Question 22

1. Church =

2. Church loyalty ___ Emperor loyalty

Answer 22

Church = moral authority

Church loyalty > Emperor loyalty.

Question 23

Effects of church?

Answer 23

Unified Western Europe, but rekt the Western Roman Empire lmao GG.

Question 24

Influence of Latin on Roman power.

Answer 24

United different cultures w/ 1 common language.

Increased Roman power by increasing the power of the Roman ppl.

Question 25

Diocletian

Answer 25

Split the Roman Empire into 2

Question 26

What happened in 476 CE?

Answer 26

Romulus the last emperor overthrown by Germanic leader Odoacer = 1st barbarian to rule Rome.

Question 27

Eastern Roman Empire

Answer 27

East: Spoke Greek + Eastern Orthodox Church (GASE - Greece, Anatolia, Syria, Egypt).

Question 28

Western Roman Empire

Answer 28

West: Spoke Latin + Roman Catholic | GIBS - Gaul, Italy, Britain Spain

Question 29

Influences on Roman art + arch.

Answer 29

Art of conquered ppl, Etruscans, ancient Egypt * other places Rome bordered.

Question 30

Attila

Answer 30

Leader of the Huns, attacked both empires, but east safe ish

Question 31

Pax Romana

Answer 31

Made travel and the exchange of ideas fairly safe, spread Christianity

Question 32

Where did Octavian defeat Cleopatra and MA?

Answer 32

31 BC naval battle @ Actium

Question 33

Paul

Answer 33

Apostle, > vision = spent life spreading Christianity

Question 34

Peter

Answer 34

1st bishop + pope

Question 35

Nicene Creed

Answer 35

Defined basic beliefs of the Church

Question 36

Virgil

Answer 36

Poet wrote the Aeneid, vvv serious

Question 37

Ovid

Answer 37

Wrote poetry for enjoyment, vvv fun

Question 38

Livy

Answer 38

Wrote history of Rome

Question 39

Tacitus

Answer 39

Historian that presented facts accurately

Question 40

Arches

Answer 40

Supported bridges and aqueducts.

Question 41

Second Triumvirate

Answer 41

Octavian- JC grandnephew Mark Antony- general Lepidus- politician (O forced him to retire GG).

Question 42

Tiberius and Gaius Gracchus

Answer 42

Purposes reforms limiting estate size + giving land > poor.

Question 43

General Scipio

Answer 43

Attacked Carthage to bait Hannibal, and defeated him at Zama

Question 44

Location of Rome

Answer 44

Italian peninsula close to the Mediterranean Sea

Question 45

Who did the Roman Republic end with?

Answer 45

The Roman Republic ended with Julius Caesar and then Octavian (Augustus)

Question 46

Fall of the Western Roman Empire (4 effects)

Answer 46

- Long Process | - Civil wars, inflation, moral decay bc of mercenaries, invasions

Question 47

Where did Christianity begin?

Answer 47

- Rome and it grew from Judaism

Question 48

Roman Architectural contributions

Answer 48

Arches, aqueducts, and domes

Question 49

Romance languages

Answer 49

French, Spanish, Portuguese, Italian, and Romanian Fred scooped pecans into receptacles

Question 50

Latin use and effect

Answer 50

Latin was the language of the Romans, and developed into the Romance languages (Rome)

Question 51

Principles of Roman law

Answer 51

1. Equal treatment under the law 2. Innocent until proven guilty 3. Burden of proof resend with accused rather than accuses 4. Only actions not thoughts punishable

Question 52

Mercenaries

Answer 52

Foreign soldiers that fought for money

Question 53

Constantine

Answer 53

Roman Emperor that... 1. Approved Christianity with the Edict of Milan 2. Reunited the two empires and moved the eastern capital city to the Greek city of Byzantium (Constantinople)