blood

Question 1

fluid connective tissue

Answer 1

blood

Question 2

dissolved protein fibers and watery ground substance make up the extracellular matrix

Answer 2

plasma

Question 3

blood cells (erythrocytes, leukocytes, and platelets)

Answer 3

formed elements

Question 4

• transportation (oxygen, nutrients, carbon dioxide, waste products, and hormones)
• regulation (temperature, pH, and fluid levels)
• protection (especially against infection)

Answer 4

blood functions

Question 5

plasma (including water and plasma proteins (majority of blood 55% - yellow colored) )

buffy coat (includes platelets and leukocytes (less than 1% of blood)

erythrocytes (44% of all blood)

Answer 5

blood composition

Question 6

characteristics: biconcave discs, anucleate, filled with hemoglobin
function: transport oxygen (to cells) and carbon dioxide (away from cells)

Answer 6

erythrocytes (red blood cells)

Question 7

• typically larger than erythrocytes

function: help the body fight against disease; some play a role in immune response

five types: neutrophils, lymphocytes, monocytes, eosinphils, basophils

Answer 7

leukocytes (white blood cells)

Question 8

• most numerous type of leukocyte
• cytoplasm has fine pale granules
• nucleus is multi-lobed
• function: phagocytize pathogens, especially bacteria

Answer 8

neutrophils

Question 9

• cytoplasm lacks (visible) granules
• contains large, round dark purple nucleus
• thin ring of pale blue cytoplasm
• most located in lymphoid tissues
• different kinds (t-lymphochytes, b-lymphocytes, natural killer (NK) cells)

Answer 9

lymphocytes

Question 10

coordinate immune activity

Answer 10

t-lymphocytes

Question 11

produces antibodies

Answer 11

b-lymphocytes

Question 12

attack pathogens and abnormal/infected cells

Answer 12

natural killer (NK) cells

Question 13

• largest leukocytes
• cytoplasm lacks (visible granules)
• pale blue cytoplasm
• c-shaped or kidney-bean-shaped nucleus
• function: phagocytize pathogens (e.g. bacteria, viruses), cellular debris, dead cells
• leave blood to become macrophages

Answer 13

monocytes

Question 14

• cytoplasm contains prominent granules that stain reddish
• nucleus is bi-lobed
• functions: phagocytize allergens, destroy parasitic worms

Answer 14

eosinophils

Question 15

• make up less than 1% of all leukocytes
• cytoplasm contains big granules that stain blue/purple
• bi-lobed nucleus
• function: release histamine (vasodilator) and heparin (anticoagulant) during inflammatory or allergic reactions

Answer 15

basophils

Question 16

• cytoplasmic fragments from a larger cell
• anucleate
• very small
• function: assist with blood clotting

Answer 16

platelets