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A215 - block three > ear > Flashcards

ear Flashcards

1
Q

what are the two functions of the ear?

A

equilibrium and hearing

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2
Q

detecting position of head and coordinating movement

A

equilibrium (balance)

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3
Q

detecting sound waves and converting them into nerve impulses

A

hearing (audition)

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4
Q

outer mass of tissue

function: collects sound waves and directs them into the auditory canal

A

auricle (pinna)

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5
Q

between auricle and tympanic membrane

function: directs sound waves to the tympanic membrane

A

external acoustic meatus

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6
Q

function: moves/vibrates the auditory ossicles when sounds vibrate this

  • makes up the lateral portion of the middle ear (external boundary)
A

tympanic membrane (eardrum)

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7
Q

what structures make up the outer ear?

A

auricle, external acoustic meatus, and tympanic membrane

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8
Q

make up the medial portion of the middle ear (internal boundary)

A

oval window and round window

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9
Q

ear bones (malleus, incus, stapes)

function: transmit and amplify vibrations from the eardrum to the inner ear

A

auditory ossicles

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10
Q

connects with oval window and the inner ear

A

stapes

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11
Q

where sound waves are transmitted to the inner ear

A

oval window

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12
Q

connects middle ear with nasopharynx

function: equalize pressure in the middle ear

A

auditory (eustachian) tube

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13
Q
  • fill up with fluids/pus
  • eardrum bulges forward
  • infection may travel from throat to middle ear or vice versa via the auditory tube
A

otitis media (middle ear infection)

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14
Q

when an airplane descends to a lower altitude, you may feel greater pressure in your ears, followed by a “popping” sensation, before normal pressure resumes. what happens anatomically?

A

helps equalize pressure in the middle ear by opening the auditory tube

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15
Q

what structures make up the middle ear?

A

auditory ossicles and auditory eustachian tube

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16
Q

spaces/cavities inside temporal bone

A

bony labyrinth

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17
Q

membranous sacs/tubes that rest inside the bony labyrinth

A

membranous labyrinth

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18
Q

fluid between the bony and membranous labyrinth

  • inside the bony part and outside the membranous part
  • the membranous labyrinth “floats” in this
  • chemically similar to CSF
A

perilymph

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19
Q

fluid inside the membranous labyrinth

  • chemically similar to intracellular fluid
  • helps conduct sound vibrations, and indirectly helps with detecting changes in position/balance
A

endolymph

20
Q

what does the bony labyrinth consist of?

A

vestibule, semicircular canals, cochlea

21
Q

oval central portion

A

vestibule

22
Q

three c-shaped spaces/canal

A

semicircular canals

23
Q

spiral chamber (means snails shell)

A

cochlea

24
Q

what does the membranous labyrinth consist of?

A

utricle, saccule, semicircular ducts, and cochlear duct

25
Q

sac inside the vestibule

A

utricle

26
Q

another sac inside the vestibule

A

saccule

27
Q

three membranous tubes in semicircular canals

A

semicircular ducts

28
Q

membranous tube inside the cochlea; responsible for hearing via the cochlear branch of CN VIII (vestibulocochlear nerve)

A

cochlear duct (scala media)

29
Q

interpreting equilibrium (balance); they transmit this information via the vestibular branch of CN VIII (vestibulocochlear nerve)

A

function of utricles, saccules, and semicircular ducts

30
Q

contain the specialized receptors in the utricle and saccule that detect static equilibrium and linear acceleration

A

maculae

31
Q

in a gel move and deflect hair cells and the vestibular branch of CN VIII sends signals to the brain

A

otoliths (“ear stones”)

32
Q

contain specialized receptors located in the ampullae that detect rotational movement of the head

A

semicircular ducts

33
Q

movement of this deflects hair cells in the crista ampullaris and the vestibular branch of CN VIII sends signals to the brain

A

endolymph

34
Q

splits the cochlea into two chambers (scala vestibuli and scala tympani)

A

cochlear duct (scala media)

35
Q
  • above the cochlear duct
A

scala vestibuli

36
Q

thin membrane that separates the scala vestibuli from the cochlear duct

A

vestibular membrane

37
Q

below the cochlear duct
- connects to round window
- basilar membrane

A

scala tympani

38
Q

separates the scala tympani from the cochlear duct

A

basilar membrane

39
Q

the apex where the scala vestibuli and scala tympani are continuous

A

helicotrema

40
Q
  • located in cochlear duct
  • rests on the basilar membrane
  • contains hair cells which have stereocilia
A

spiral organ (organ of corti)

41
Q

when sound waves enter the scala vestibuli they vibrate a small portion of the basilar membrane

A

stereocilia

42
Q

responds to the highest frequencies (high notes)

A

basilar membrane closest to oval window

43
Q

responds to lower frequencies (low notes)

A

basilar membrane farthest from oval window

44
Q

this is touched by stereocilia when the basilar membrane moves

A

tectorial membrane

45
Q

causes a nerve impulse

  • nerve impulses are sent to the brain via the cochlear division of the vestibulocochlear nerve (CN VIII)
  • remaining sound waves are transferred to the scala tympani and exit the inner ear via the round window
A

sterocilia bends

46
Q
  1. sound waves are collected by the auricle, travel in external acoustic meatus, sent to tympanic membrane
  2. vibrations of tympanic membrane causes vibration of auditory ossicles, which in turn vibrate the oval window
  3. sound waves travel through the scala vestibuli and vibrates a portion of the basilar membrane (which is attached to the spiral organ)
  4. stereocilia of the hair cells bend against the tectorial membrane and a nerve impulse is generated
  5. nerve impulse is sent to brain via the vestibulocochlear nerve (CN VIII)
A

process of hearing

A215 - block three (11 decks)

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