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A215 - block three > eye > Flashcards

eye Flashcards

1
Q

external landmarks (sclera, cornea, iris, pupil)

A

eyelids (palpebrae)

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2
Q

whites of the eye

  • posterior 5/6 of eye
  • function: provides shape to eyeball and protects inner parts
A

sclera

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3
Q

transparent; in front of iris (center part)

  • curved transparent structure anterior to iris and pupil
  • anterior 1/6 of the eye
  • function: admits and refracts (bends) light
A

cornea

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4
Q

pigmented part of the eye
- contains pupil
- function: regulates the amount of light entering the eye (by dilating and constricting

A

iris

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5
Q

opening in iris

A

pupil

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6
Q

lining sclera and eyelid

function: secrete mucus as lubricant for eye/eyelids

A

conjunctiva

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7
Q

inflammation of conjunctiva (“pink eye”)

A

conjunctivitis

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8
Q

produces/collects tears

A

lacrimal apparatus

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9
Q

tears

A

lacrimal fluid

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10
Q

produces and secretes tears

A

lacrimal gland

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11
Q

t/f: fluid is swept across the surface of the eye by the eyelids

A

true

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12
Q

from lacrimal puncta (hole) to nasolacrimal duct

A

lacrimal canaliculi

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13
Q

drains tears into nasal cavity, where they are eventually swallowed

A

nasolacrimal duct

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14
Q

why do tears spill onto the cheek when someone gets a runny nose?

A
  • tears overwhelm the system (lacrimal apparatus)
  • too many tears to collect - overflow the eyelids
  • nasolacrimal duct pours lots of tears into nasal cavity - runny nose
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15
Q

moves eye medially (adducts)
- eye moves toward nose

A

medial rectus

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16
Q

moves eye laterally (abducts)
- eye moves toward ear

A

lateral rectus

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17
Q

elevates eye and moves eye medially

A

superior rectus

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18
Q

depresses eye and moves eye medially

A

inferior rectus

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19
Q

depresses and moves eye laterally

A

superior oblique

20
Q

elevates eye and moves eye laterally

A

inferior oblique

21
Q

what nerve innervates the medial rectus, superior rectus, inferior rectus, inferior oblique?

A

oculomotor nerve

22
Q

what nerve innervates the superior oblique?

A

trochlear nerve

23
Q

what nerve innervates the lateral rectus?

A

abducens nerve

24
Q
  • biconvex, transparent structure inside ball
  • function: changes shape (flat or round) to focus light rays
  • held in place by suspensory ligaments
A

lens

25
Q

avascular

  • contains sclera and cornea
A

fibrous (external) tunic

26
Q

a laser removes cells from part of the cornea to change its shape - to better focus the light where needed

A

laser vision correction

27
Q

dark brown membrane

  • function: contains blood vessels that help nourish the retina
A

choroid

28
Q

ring of smooth muscle tissue that surrounds the lens

  • attaches to the lens via suspensory ligaments
  • function: as the smooth muscle contracts, the suspensory ligaments relax to make the lens more round
  • produces aqueous humor
A

ciliary body

29
Q

to see close up, ciliary muscles contract, suspensory ligaments relax, and lens becomes thicker

A

accommodation

30
Q

posterior 3/4 of eye

  • one of the few places bipolar neurons can be found
  • consists of pigmented and neural layer
A

retina

31
Q

outer layer adjacent to choroid

functions:

  • absorbs excess light to prevent reflection/glare
  • provides vitamin a to photoreceptors
A

pigmented layer

32
Q

inner layer

  • function: its photoreceptors receive light information and convert it to nerve impulses that are sent via optic nerve (CN II) to the brain
A

neural layer

33
Q

what are the two types of photoreceptors?

A

rods and cones

34
Q

low (reduced) light, black and white (more than cones)

A

rods

35
Q

require more light, color

A

cones

36
Q

blind spot; area where the optic nerve exits the eye; contains no photoreceptors

A

optic disc

37
Q

lateral to optic disc; in center is fovea centralis

A

macula lutea (yellow spot)

38
Q

sharpest vision (only cones)

A

fovea centralis

39
Q

light focused in front of retina

A

nearsightedness

40
Q

light focused behind the retina

A

farsightedness

41
Q

fluid collects between the pigmented layer and neural layer (can cause blindness)

A

detached retina

42
Q
  • between cornea and lens
  • separated into anterior and posterior chambers by the iris
  • filled with aqueous humor
A

anterior cavity

43
Q

supplies nutrients, removes wastes for lens and cornea, and is continually produced and replaced

A

aqueous humor

44
Q
  • aqueous humor is secreted by the ciliary processes into the posterior chamber
  • aqueous humor moves from the posterior chamber, through the pupil to the anterior chamber
  • excess aqueous humor is resorbed via the scleral venous sinus
A

flow of aqueous humor

45
Q
  • between lens and retina
  • contains vitreous humor
A

posterior cavity

46
Q

helps maintain the shape of the eye and keeps the retina against the choroid; is not continually produced

A

vitreous humor

47
Q
  • light rays enter the eye through the cornea and are refracted (bent)
  • light rays are further refracted by the lens (flattened = far vision, rounded = near)
  • light rays focus on retina
  • light ray information is converted to nerve impulses by photoreceptors (rods and cones)
  • nerve impulses transmitted to the brain via CN II (optic nerve)
  • from the optic nerves, visual information passes to the optic chiasm then to the optic tract, to the thalamus, and then to the primary visual cortex of the occipital lobe
A

how visual information is processed

A215 - block three (11 decks)

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