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A215 - block three > lymphatic system > Flashcards

lymphatic system Flashcards

1
Q

t/f: at the capillary level fluids are pushed out of vessels and into the tissues

A

true

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2
Q

fluid within tissues
- most but NOT ALL of this fluid is picked up and returned to venules

A

interstitial fluid

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3
Q

interstitial fluid picked up by the lymphatic system; a fluid connective tissue

A

lymph

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4
Q

consists of lymph vessels and lymphoid tissues and organs

A

lymphatic system

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5
Q
  • return interstitial fluid to bloodstream
  • initiate an immune response when necessary
  • transport dietary lipids
A

functions of the lymphatic system

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6
Q
  • smallest of lymph vessels
  • wall composed of endothelium
  • walls have 1-way flaps
A

lymphatic capillaries

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7
Q
  • lymphatic capillaries in small intestine
  • function: in addition to carrying interstitial fluid, they also carry dietary lipids (fats and some vitamins)
A

lacteals

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8
Q
  • like veins, they have three layers (tunics) and valves
  • they take lymph to and from lymph nodes
A

lymphatic vessels

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9
Q

formed from merging lymphatic vessels; drain into lymphatic ducts

A

lymphatic trunks

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10
Q

what are the two types of lymphatic ducts?

A

right lymphatic duct and thoracic duct

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11
Q
  • receives lymph from:
    • right side of head, neck, and thorax
    • right upper limb
  • drains into right subclavian vein
A

right lymphatic duct

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12
Q
  • receives lymph from:
    • left side of head, neck, thorax
    • left upper limb
    • entire abdomen, left and right lower limbs
  • drains into left subclavian vein
A

thoracic duct

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13
Q
  • swelling caused by blockage of lymphatic vessels
  • results in increased interstitial fluid
A

lymphedema

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14
Q

the defense mechanisms present at birth; non-specific/rapid response

A

innate immunity

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15
Q

those defense mechanisms which are developed in response to contact with antigens; specific; slower response, memory
- these cells start to produce an immune response when exposed to antigens

A

adaptive immunity

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16
Q

anything perceived as foreign in the body

A

antigen

17
Q

how do you identify a lymphocyte?

A

huge nucleus

18
Q

some of these cells manage/direct an immune response, while others directly attack cells

A

t-lymphocytes (t-cells)

19
Q

many of these cells secrete antibodies

A

b-lymphocytes (b-cells)

20
Q

attach to antigens and immobilize them until another cell destroys the antigen

A

antibodies

21
Q

monocytes that migrated from the bloodstream into other tissues
- function: phagocytize (“eat up”) foreign substances; may present antigens to other cells

A

macrophages

22
Q

internalize antigens and present them to lymphocytes

A

dendritic cells

23
Q
  • consist of connective tissue containing lots of lymphoid cells
  • not surrounded by a connective tissue capsule
  • ex: lymphoid nodules
A

lymphoid structures

24
Q
  • “clumps” of lymphoid cells within other organs
  • ex: MALT
  • the cells here “destroy” bacteria before they breach the intestinal wall and also generate “memory” cells
A

lymphoid nodules

25
Q

collections of lymphoid nodules in GI, respiratory, and genitourinary tracts

A

MALT (mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue)

26
Q

lymphatic structures surrounded by a connective tissue capsule
- ex: lymph nodes, thymus, spleen

A

lymphoid organs

27
Q
  • tiny oval organs
  • hundreds
  • found in clusters
  • they connect with lymphatic vessels
A

lymph nodes

28
Q
  • filter lymph
    • macrophages eat up foreign matter
  • activate immune system if antigens are found in lymph
    • antigens stimulate T- and B - cells into action
A

functions of lymph nodes

29
Q

behind the sternum
- function: t-cells mature and differentiate here
- immature t-lymphocytes are sent from bone marrow
into here
- it secretes hormones to help the t-lymphocytes
develop
- there, the t-lymphocytes decide “what they want to
do when they grow up”

A

thymus

30
Q
  • largest lymphoid organ in the body
  • located in upper left abdomen, behind and lateral to stomach
  • two parts: red and white pulp
A

spleen

31
Q
  • splenic sinusoids (large capillaries) and splenic cords
  • contain erythrocytes, platelets, and macrophages
A

red pulp

32
Q

removal of old erythrocytes and platelets
- macrophages break down the old cells, and take the reusable parts for recycling (e.g., “heme” part)

A

red pulp function

33
Q
  • surround arterial branches
  • lymphocytes (b and t cells)
A

white pulp

34
Q

carry out an immune response when antigens are found in blood

A

white pulp function

A215 - block three (11 decks)

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