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histology let > Bone > Flashcards

Bone Flashcards

1
Q

a specialized connective tissue that supports the body, protect internal organs

A

bone

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2
Q

bone is composed of what?

A

calcified extracellular material, bone matrix, osteocytes, osteoblasts, and osteoclasts.

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3
Q

how many bones are in an adult’s body?

A

206

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4
Q

how many bones are in an infant’s body?

A

270

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5
Q

originates from the mesenchymal stem cells; synthesizes and secretes the organic components of the extracellular matrix

A

osteoblast

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6
Q

what does the osteoblast produce?

A

proteoglycans and osteonectin

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7
Q

very giant and multinucleated cells involved in removing calcified bone matrix; involved in bone remodeling

A

osteoclast

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8
Q

where are osteoclasts found?

A

interfaces involved in selective diffusion, absorption, and secretion

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9
Q

found in the cavitites between bone matrix layers with cytoplasmic processes in the small canaliculi that extend into the matrix

A

osteocytes

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10
Q

what are the inorganic compounds of bones?

A

calcium, phosphorus, magnesium, potassium, sodium

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11
Q

crystals that lie alongside collagen fibrils and are surrounded by amorphous ground substance

A

hydroxyapatite crystals

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12
Q

what are the organic compounds of bones?

A

collagen type I fibers and amorphous ground substance

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13
Q

where does the osteoprogenitor/osteogeonic cells populates?

A

inner cellular layer of periosteum

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14
Q

what does osteoprogenitor form?

A

more osteoprogenitor cells, osteoblasts, and chondrogenic cells

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15
Q

lines the endosteal and periosteal surfaces

A

osteoblast

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16
Q

synthesize organic components of bone matrix, regulate mineralization of bone matrix and activity of one resorption

A

osteoblast

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17
Q

what does osteoblast produce?

A

collagen type I, osteocalcin, multiadhesice glycoproteins, non collagenous bone matrix proteins (GAG, hyaluronan, chondroitin & keratan sulfate)

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18
Q

huge cells derived from the fusion of as many as 50 monocytes; concentrated in the endosteum

A

osteoclast

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19
Q

bone matrix is composed of?

A

collagen fibers and hydroxyapatite

20
Q

gives the bone its hardness and ability to resist compression

A

bone matrix

21
Q

consists of thick collar on end compact bones rounding the central marrow cavity

A

long bone

22
Q

equal length and width

A

short bone

23
Q

flat with two flat blades

A

flat bone

24
Q

no definite morphology

A

irregular

25
Q

can be found within the substance of tendon

A

sesamoid

26
Q

irregular and random arrangement of cells and collagen; lightly calcified

A

woven bone

27
Q

also known as newly calcified, immature bone, primary bone, and bundle bone

A

woven bone

28
Q

remodeled from woven bone

A

lamellar bone

29
Q

all normal regions of adult bone; also known as mature bone and secondary bone

A

lamellar bone

30
Q

80% of all lamellar bone

A

compact bone

31
Q

also known as cortical bone and is the thick, outer region of bones

A

compact bone

32
Q

20% of all lamellar bone

A

cancellous bone

33
Q

interconnected thin spicules or trabeculae covered by endosperm; aka spongy bone, trabecular bone, medullary bone

A

cancellous bone

34
Q

inner region of bones adjacent to narrow cavities

A

cancellous bone

35
Q

what are the two process where osteogenesis occurs?

A

intramembranous and endochondral ossification

36
Q

intramembranous ossification is mostly used by?

A

flat bones

37
Q

where does endochondral ossification occur?

A

hyaline cartilage

38
Q

resting zone composed of typical hyaline cartilage

A

zone of reserve cartilage

39
Q

hyaline cartilage will divide repeatedly and will be enlarged and secrete the type II collagen and different proteoglycans

A

proliferative zone

40
Q

contains swollen, terminally differentiated chondrocytes

A

zone of hypertrophy

41
Q

bone tissue first appears in this zone

A

zone of ossification

42
Q

chondrocytes avout to undergo apoptosis and will eventually release matrix vesicles and osteocalcin

A

zone of calcified cartilage

43
Q

places where bones meet or articulate allowing at least the potential for bending or movement

A

joints

44
Q

joints that are very limited or no movement are classified collectively as?

A

synarthroses

45
Q

freely mobile joints are called?

A

diarthroses

histology let (9 decks)

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